1. A GUIDE TO WRITING WITH READINGS Chapter 13 Persuasion

2.  To persuade is to convince someone that a particular opinion or point of view is the correct one  Once you learn how to persuade logically and rationally you will be less likely to accept the false, misleading, and emotional arguments.

3. Chapter 13 Persuasion  Topic Sentence Words like should, ought, and must (and the negatives should not, ought not, and must not) are especially effective in the topic sentence of a persuasive paragraph  Paragraph and Plan

4. Chapter 13 Persuasion  Methods of Persuasion Facts:  Facts are simply statements of what is. They should appeal to the reader’s mind, not just to the emotions. The source of your facts should be clear to the reader.  Avoid the vague “everyone knows that” or “it is common knowledge that” or “they all say.” Such statements will make your reader justifiably suspicious of your “facts.”

5. Chapter 13 Persuasion Referring to an authority:  An authority is an expert, someone who can be relied on to give unbiased facts and information.  Avoid appealing to “authorities” who are interesting or glamorous but who are not experts. Examples:  An example should clearly relate to the argument and should be typical enough to support it.  Avoid examples that are not typical enough to support your general statement.

6. Chapter 13 Persuasion Predicting the consequence:  Predicting the consequence helps the reader visualize what will occur if something does or does not happen.  Avoid exaggerating the consequence Answering the opposition:  Answering possible critics shows that you are aware of the opposition’s argument and are able to respond to it  Avoid calling the opposition “fools’ or “crooks.” Attack their ideas, not their character

7. Chapter 13 Persuasion  Considering the Audience In addition to providing adequate proof for your argument, pay special attention to the audience as you write persuasively. In general, we assume that our audience is much like us—resonable people who wish to learn the truth. But because argument can evoke strong feelings, directing your persuasive paper toward a particular audience can be helpful.

8. Chapter 13 Persuasion  You will make your persuasive paragraph more convincing when take your audience into consideration