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9/18 AGENDA (1, 3, 5, 7) Journal: REVIEW YOUR CIVILIZATION NOTES- Pick one of the 5 characteristics of civilization, explain it and give 2 examples (think: STAIR) Agenda: Journal and Attendance Collect Homework- Catalhoyuk Worksheet (#13) River Valley Civilization Map (#16) Finish River Valley Notes (China & India) (#15) Egypt Reading (#17) and River Valley Atlas Packet (#18)
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9/18 AGENDA (Block 7) Journal: REVIEW YOUR CIVILIZATION NOTES- Pick one of the 5 characteristics of civilization, explain it and give 2 examples (think: STAIR) Agenda: Journal and Attendance Archeology Notes (#11) Collect Homework- Catalhoyuk Worksheet (#13) River Valley Civilization Map (#16) Finish River Valley Notes (China & India) (#15) Egypt Reading (#17) and River Valley Atlas Packet (#18)
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9/19 Agenda (2, 4/3, 4, 6) Journal: What technology did Mesopotamia and Egypt have in common? What writing systems did they have? Agenda: Journal and Attendance River Valley Civilizations: India and China Egypt Reading (#17a&b) Other Valley Civilizations: Nubian, Hebrew, Phoenician (#18) River Valley Atlas (#19)
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9/20 Agenda (1,3,5,7) Journal: What are the 4 civilizations we have learned about and around what rivers did they settle? AGENDA: Journal and Attendance Collect Egypt Reading Homework (#17) Hebrews, Nubians and Phoenicians Notes (#19) Finish River Valley Atlas Packet REMINDER: Test on Thursday September 26th on UNIT 1.
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Ancient River Civilizations
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Mesopotamia Location: between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the FERTILE CRESCENT
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Mesopotamia SPECIALIZED LABOR:
Mesopotamia had many farmers, merchants, metal workers, and also priests, who were in charge of the Ziggurats (religious temples).
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Mesopotamia TECHNOLOGY: Farmers used irrigation to move water from the river to their fields.
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Mesopotamia ADVANCED CITIES: There were many cities that traded with one another.
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Mesopotamia INSTITUTIONS:
Government & Politics : run by military leaders who had become kings Hammurabi’s Code – It was the first law code, written by a Sumerian king. It was engraved in stone and listed 282 laws.
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Mesopotamia RECORD KEEPING:
The Sumerian Kingdom of Mesopotamia invented CUNEIFORM, which was a form of writing on clay tablets.
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Ancient Egypt Location: North Africa, along the Nile River
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Ancient Egypt SPECIALIZED LABOR:
Farmers - Flooding of the Nile left Egypt with fertile soil called silt. Merchants – Egypt traded many things with other civilizations by 3200 B.C.
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Ancient Egypt TECHNOLOGY: The Egyptians built canals and irrigation systems to move water from the Nile to their farms.
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Ancient Egypt ADVANCED CITIES: The Egyptians built massive pyramids and monuments to honor the Pharaohs because they believed that the pharaohs ruled after death.
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Ancient Egypt INSTITUTIONS:
Pharaohs: rulers who were worshipped as gods Pharaoh ruled over everyone and was a the top of society Slaves were the lowest people in society
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Ancient Egypt Religion:
Ruled as a theocracy (government ruled by religious leaders) Polytheistic: belief in many gods Ra = Sun god (most powerful and important god) Horus = god of light Isis = fertility goddess, the ideal mother and wife
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Ancient Egypt RECORD KEEPING:
Hieroglyphics: Egyptian system of writing, done by scribes (educated me who knew how to write) Papyrus: earliest form of paper made by the Egyptians from reeds of the Nile
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Chinese Civilization Location: Along the Yellow River (Huang He) in East Asia
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Chinese SPECIALIZED WORKERS: ADVANCED CITIES:
Economy – peasants would work in the fields and grow rice and wheat ADVANCED CITIES: Society was divided between rich (overlords) and poor (peasants).
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Chinese Civilization INSTITUTIONS:
Government & Politics – China was run by dynasties (families of royal rulers) after 2000 B.C. The first dynasty was the Xia
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Chinese Civilization RECORD KEEPING – The Ancient Chinese developed a writing system based on PICTOGRAMS where each character represents an idea not a sound
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Ancient Indians Location: The Indus River valley is located in South Asia on the Indian subcontinent
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Ancient India ADVANCED CITIES (and technology):
The two most famous cities were HARAPPA and MOHENJO DARO In these cities some households had indoor plumbing, and some even had working toilets No other civilization would achieve the same level of convenience until the 1800s!!!!
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Ancient Indians INSTITUTIONS (and Specialized Labor)–
Caste system- rigid class system which controlled social interactions and occupation (job) choice the caste system even controlled who you could marry
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Ancient Indians Religion: Like the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, the Indus River Valley cities were polytheistic.
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Ancient Indians Later, these beliefs evolved into a complex religious system called Hinduism.
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Nubians Location – Africa along the Upper Nile
Connected Egypt to rest of Africa
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Nubians INSTITUTION Religion – Polytheistic, often following Egyptian gods Pyramids built to their emperors were often bigger than the Egyptian’s
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Nubians INSTITUTION: Government & Politics – first kingdom of pharaohs was Kerma began around 2000 B.C. But was eventually conquered and ruled by Egypt
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Nubians ADVANCED CITIES:
Economy – traded up and down the Nile with Egypt Especially for pottery
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Nubians Society – Eventually became known as the Kush after 1100 B.C.
Successfully united the Nile civilizations after 751 B.C. under one king
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Nubians Fun Facts – after the defeat of the Egyptians, the Kush saw it as their responsibility to keep their culture alive
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Phoenicians Location – on the Mediterranean Sea, in present day Lebanon
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Phoenicians INSTITUTION: Religion – polytheistic
would sacrifice their first born children to please the gods
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Phoenicians INSTITUTION:
Government and Politics – never a united country, but separate city – states.
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Phoenicians ADVANCED CITY: Economy – relied mostly on sea trade
Goods = wine, weapons, slaves, metals, ivory and purple dye from snails
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Phoenicians Society and Writing – created an alphabet, where symbols make a sound (phonetic)
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Phoenicians Fun Facts – the Phoenicians were known throughout the ancient world for their glass making skills
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Hebrews Location – Middle East, present day Israel
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Hebrews INSTITUTION Religion (Judaism) – first monotheistic people, believed in one God Founder = Abraham
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Hebrews Institution Government–ruled by kings
high taxes lead to division, and kingdom is taken over by Babylon and HEBREWS BECAME SLAVES
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Hebrews Written law code– society was governed by the 10 Commandments, God’s law
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