1. Human Impact on the Lithosphere Common Core or Essential Standards 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.7.3, 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.4 Credit: freedigitalphotos.net

2. Vocabulary The following are key terms for this module.

3. Solid Waste and Recycling 1.Copy and paste link below into webpage. The link should open to the article “Keep America Beautiful.” “Keep America Beautiful.” 2.Please use this document to answer questions 1 – 4 on on the Module 2 Study Guide with respect to source reduction. http://www.kab.org/site/PageServer?pagename=so urce_reduc_reuse `

4. 1. Please access the Carolina Recycling Association site at http://www.cra- recycle.org/ 2. Click on “resources” and then “recycle more NC.” 3. Next click on “Where to Recycle”. 4. Search for a recyclable item in your community or area. 5. Answer questions 5 and 6 on the Module Two Study Guide.http://www.cra- recycle.org/ Re-cycling in Your Area

5. Complete the tasks below and include the information in the Module Two Study Guide: Take a look at what “Every American born will need”. http://www.msha.gov/KIDS/mii.HTM What things surprised you? Why? Click on Let's Do Some Prospectin'! – Find out what type of mining is done in NC and at least three other states (your choice). Make a chart listing the info you find. http://www.msha.gov/KIDS/KIDSHP.HTMEvery American born will need http://www.msha.gov/KIDS/mii.HTMLet's Do Some Prospectin'! http://www.msha.gov/KIDS/KIDSHP.HTM Mining

6. Use the following links from environment.about.com and National Wildlife Federation to answer questions 9 to 12 on the Module Two Study Guide: http://environment.about.com/?once=true& and http://www.nwf.org/search.aspx You will need to enter the main idea in the Search section in order to find the answers.environment.about.com National Wildlife Federation http://environment.about.com/?once=true&http://www.nwf.org/search.aspx Environmental Awareness

7. 1.http://soils.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php?section=12 Click Soil and the Environment. Answer the following questions. Some questions need more than one answer. Read carefully and watch for the bold clues. How much soil is there and what is it used for? Why does there need to be nitrogen in the soil? What is pH? And what pH is best for peanuts? Why is Soil Data Important to Scientists? Define Parent Material and what is it made from? What are the three most important minerals in soil?http://soils.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.php?section=12 Soil Science:

8. Essential Standards: 2.7.3, 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.4 - Analyze the sources and impacts of society's use of energy -Renewable and non-renewable sources -The impact of human choices on Earth and its systems.

9. Comparison of Energy There are many current energy technologies. Fossil Fuels, however, continue to be the most used today.

10. Fossil Fuel Locations These are animal fossils that indicate petroleum may be near.

11. Gas Hydrates Gas hydrates can be found in the ocean floor, in deep lakes, and in permafrost regions. They are ice-like, crystalline solids.

12. Oil Shale Facility This is an Oil Shale Facility in Colorado.

13. Alternative Energy Sources Solar Wind Water (Hydropower) Uranium Hydrogen Biomass Geothermal And others….! There are also many other energy types on the horizon. With current gas prices, availability, and environmental impacts from fossil fuels, this is a good thing!!

14. Solar Solar energy has the advantage using the sun, which emits a lot of energy. Its disadvantage can include storage and what to do when the seasons change or it is cloudy.

15. Solar Energy Usage

16. Wind Wind energy takes advantage of windy areas. Its disadvantages include being location- dependent (not every place is windy!), they can be noisy, and they can also interfere with bird migrations.

17. Wind Energy Use in NC

18. Hydropower Water power is another Alternative Energy. Its disadvantages include being located near a water source or interference with fish or other wildlife.

19. Uranium Concentrations Nuclear energy is used in NC and the U.S. Advantages include generating a lot of power at a cheaper cost. Disadvantages include public fear, melt downs, and nuclear waste generation.

20. Biomass Biomass produces Hydrogen gas through the fermentation of crops or other wastes.

21. Biomass Locations

22. Hydrogen Energy Usage

23. Geothermal Geothermal energy uses the Earth’s internal heat for an energy source. Disadvantages include time/money needed to create the technology underground to harness this heat.

24. Geothermal Sites

25. Mammoth Pacific Geothermal Plant

26. Sources for Pictures http://www.nrel.gov/ http://energy.usgs.gov/