1. Main Injector/Recycler Ioanis Kourbanis XMAC Review March 18-19, 2013

2. Outline MI/RR Performance Requirements. Required Modifications/Upgrades Progress to date Conclusions XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis2

3. MI/RR Performance Requirements in Project X NOvA/LBNE PX Stage 1/2 PX Stage 3 MI/Recycler Beam Energy120601206012060GeV Cycle Time1.330.871.200.871.200.60sec Protons per pulse4.9E+13 7.5E+13 1.5E+14 PPP Slip Stacking Efficiency95 99 % Beam Power0.700.581.200.902.45 MW Normalized Beam Emittance (95%)15 20 25  mm-mr Bunching Factor0.50 0.40 Laslett Tune Shift (injection)-0.05 -0.06 -0.07 XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis3

4. MI/RR Upgrades & Modifications for Project X H- Injection system for Recycler New 53 MHz RF system for MI and Recycler. –We cannot accelerate the higher beam power with the current MI RF System. –Required even for Stage 1. New second harmonic RF system for MI and Recycler. –Required for improved bunching factor Gamma-t jump for MI. –Avoid longitudinal emittance blow-up and beam loss after transition. E-cloud mitigation schemes. Loss control in Recycler. –Required for NOvA operations and Stage 1. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis4

5. Recycler H- Injection Modify the Recycler straight section 10 for H- Injection –Symmetric straight section with an injection chicane allowing for stripping. A total of 26 mA-ms is required. –A total of 4 injections each of 4.3 ms or 388 Recycler turns. –The total injection time into the Recycler is 0.6 sec. –A stripping foil lifetime of 1 year is required. Transverse phase space painting to 25 mm-mrad is required. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis5

6. Recycler H- Injection Status Have a design for Recycler straight section 10 and for an injection chicane. Phase painting schemes are being developed. Foil heating could become an issue depending on the specific painting scenario. –Investigation of painting scenarios continues at low level –Other potential mitigation schemes Use of Laser Assisted stripping effort at SNS being followed closely. R&D on rotating injection foil technology –Ultra Nano Crystalline Diamond (UNCD) technology –Rotating graphene foil technology XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis6 D. Johnson Lattice functions for the modified Recycler straight 10 Recycler Injection chicane layout.

7. Foil Technology R&D XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis ANSYS simulations comparing stationary and rotating foil heating due to a continuous 8W heating load. Zhijing Tang (PPD) Working with Advanced Diamond Technologies, a spin-off of the Argonne Center for Nano Materials, to create a structured rotating UNCD foil for rotational and heating tests Creation of corrugated UNCD annulus 7

8. New MI/RR RF systems specifications XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis8 FundamentalSecond harmonic

9. New RF Cavity Design XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis9 Rout=340mm, L=1345mm, d=75mm Tuner intrusion d=75mm @ Vpk=240kV Ur=1.2Ur=2.5 New Desig n R/Q (Ω)36.431.5 Q01224412023 F (MHz)53.304752.6152 P(kW) on the wall6476 P(kW) in the ferrite642 P(kW) in the ceramic 0.180.6 Second Harmonic Cavity Design 53 MHz Cavity Design L. Xiao, C. Ng

10. MI RF Status and Plans We have finalized the design of the new 53 MHz cavity. –We have a preliminary 106 MHz design based on the 53 MHz design. Have constructed a mockup of the new 53 MHz Cavity and began taking measurements. We plan to continue the SLAC Simulations of the new MI53 MHz Ferrite loaded RF Cavity with emphasis on thermal calculations (L. Xiao, C. Ng). Plan to investigate the assembly and cooling of the new Cavity Ferrite Tuners (J. Dey). XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis10

11. MI Gamma-t system A first order jump system with small dispersion increase (taking advantage of the dispersion free region) Design goal:   T =  1 within 0.5 ms  d  /dt = 4000 1/s  16 times faster than the normal ramp (240 GeV/s) Components:  8 sets of quad triplets  8 sets of power supplies  Inconel beam pipe XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis11 No gamma-t jump Gamma-t jump

12. Lattice Perturbation XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis12 One main advantage of a 1 st order jump system over a 2 nd order one is smaller lattice perturbation, especially on the maximum dispersion

13. Gamma-t System Components XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis13 Gamma-t jump power supply system Pulsed Quadrupole System ParametersPulsed Quadrupole Cross-Section Layout Inconel Beam Pipe

14. E-Cloud Mitigation Avoid e-loud instabilities with 1E11 ppb and 53 MHz spacing in both MI and RR. Study the e-cloud in MI. Use simulations codes (PONSIT, Vorpal) to study e-cloud development in MI/RR and establish threshold SEY. Develop a plan to coat the MI/RR beam pipe in order to be below the SEY threshold. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis14

15. E-Cloud Mitigation Have started systematic e-cloud studies in MI since 2009( B. Zwaska et al). –Clear evidence of beam scrubbing. –No effects on MI beam. Have used simulations to determine the threshold SEY (1.3) Have established a coating facility at E4R –Successfully coated with TiN an MI round beam pipe. –We are ready to estimate the effort to in situ coat the MI beam pipe. We plan to install the SEY measuring stand in MI (MI-10) this shutdown. –Measure the effect of beam scrubbing in situ for different kinds of ss including steel with TiN coating. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis15

16. Recycler Loss Control Need to understand the Space Charge losses with the higher intensity bunches in MI and Recycler. –Will we need collimators in Recycler? We are making good progress toward realistic Space Charge MI simulations that we can compare with data. Plan to continue the MI Space Charge simulations with SYNERGIA. –Include all apertures and magnetic multipoles. –Compare with beam data. –Include the Recycler XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis16

17. Status of Space Charge Simulations Using realistic Lambertson apertures and measured longitudinal beam profiles to compare with beam measurements (E. Stern) XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis17 Beam lifetime for 1E11 ppb and different tunes. Beam lifetime for 1E11 ppb and different chromaticities

18. Conclusions We have identified all the MI/RR improvements and upgrades required for Project X We are focusing the MI/RR R&D Plan on Project X Stage 1. We will need a New MI RF System to Accelerate 50% more beam required in Stage 1 –Making good progress towards a 53 MHz cavity prototype. We need to understand the space charge losses with the higher intensity beam. –We are making progress developing realistic space charge simulations. Continuing the electron cloud measurements. –Installing a SEY measuring stand in MI during this shutdown. Maintaining a small effort on RR stripping Issues. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis18

19. EXTRA SLIDES XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis19

20. Present MI RF Capabilities Project X Present Main InjectorNOvA7.5e13 Protons6.24e13 Protons Harmonic Number588 Number of Filled Buckets504 Frequency:52.8114-53.104 MHz Acceleration Ramp Slope:205 GeV/s240 GeV/s Beam Intensity:4.5e13 Protons4.9e13 Protons7.5e13 Protons6.24e13 Protons Main Injector Ramp Rate:2.2 s1.333 s1.2 s Beam Power at 120 GeV:392.7 kW705.6 kW1.2 MW998.8 kW Beam Accelerating Power:1.476 MW1.882 MW2.88 MW2.40 MW Number of Accelerating Cavities:1820 Cavity R/Q:104 Maximum Cavity Accelerating Voltage:235 kV/Cavity Operating Peak Voltage:205.56 kV/Cavity210 kV/Cavity Accelerating Voltage Required: Vsin  s 2.27 MV2.66 MV Total Accelerating Voltage Available:4.23 MV4.7 MV Total Operating Voltage:3.7 MV4.2 MV Cavity Power Loss:43.22 kW/Cavity45.11 kW/Cavity Total Apparent Power:132.5 kVA/Cavity165.7 kVA/Cavity240.5 kVA/Cavity204.2 kVA/Cavity Robinson Stability Factor:4444 WE CANNOT ACCELERATE 7.5E13 PARTICLES WITH THE CURRENT MI RF SYSTEM! Note: 204.2 KW is the Design Power of the Present MI Power Amplifier J. Dey, I. Kourbanis XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis20

21. Mockup Cavity Measurements (J. Dey) XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis 53 MHz; Q=4079159 MHz; Q=2792263 MHz; Q=3870 21

22. Vorpal e-cloud Simulations in MI XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis22 EC density vs. time for different SEY valuesEC density vs. time for various beam conditions with SEY=1.36 P. Lebrun et al in collaboration with Tech-X

23. In-situ SEY Measurements (D. Scott, K. Duel, P. Lebrun, B. Zwaska) Samples are measured in the station as installed, under vacuum –Small “button” samples are attached to a moveable arm. –They sit flush with the beam pipe and are scrubbed by the beam Access Opportunity –DAQ equipment is taken into tunnel –Sample retracted from beam pipe –SEY measured, using electron gun –Samples pushed back into beam pipe Sample XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis23

24. SEY Measurement Stand Two identical Arms, guns etc. XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis24

25. SEY Curves for MI steel (316L new) XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis Measurements done at SLAC Measurements done with our SEY test stand 25

26. MI Gamma-t Jump Quad Locations XMAC Review, Ioanis Kourbanis26 Preliminary design has been completed. Space in MI tunnel is an Issue.