1. 1 By, Er. Lalrinawma Executive Engineer, W-II, ENC Office, PWD, Mizoram

2. NERAMS Road Assets 2

3. To strengthen the state PWDs' road management capability through the introduction of modern road management practices To transform the state PWDs into road managers by the introduction of more effective and efficient road management processes and systems Assist the PWDs in implementing road asset management systems (RAMS) 3 Objectives of the Project

4. Overview of the Project Provide Concepts on RAMS (Review) Discuss Data Collection Methodology (Review) Discuss Data Collection Formats (Review) Use NERAMS to fill and input data To evaluate the maintenance requirements View and Report data using NERAMS Objectives 4

5. Efforts to Implement NERAMS Original software developed and implemented in pilot division during 2006-07 Upgradation, and improvement were undertaken during 2013-14 NERAMS software Version 1 was released in June 2014 Decision to implement NERAMS in few sub-divisions in Sikkim NERAMS Version 2 released in Sep 2014 5

6. Key System Components Tools for the data input, validation, editing, view and report Road Network Asset Inventory Data & Pavement Composition Inspection Data (Pavement/Culvert/Bridge Condition, Structural Strength) Traffic Data a database to store data An Analytical tool Process Raw data (Traffic, Deflection, Condition etc.) Parameters of Pavement Maintenance Strategies Define Treatments, Costs of Maintenance Treatments Maintenance Estimation, Costing, Budgeting Finalise Maintenance Treatments 6

7. Poor maintenance: insufficient allocation of resources Low priority for maintenance Inadequate and delayed maintenance: leading to faster deterioration of road assets Inadequate and delayed adoption of modern technologies Need to put in place a Asset Management Approach Challenges 7

8. Process Flow - RAMS 8

9. NERAMS Ver 2.0 – Modules Administration Modules User Administration Data Aggregation Module Technical Modules Asset Management System Pavement Management System Routine Maintenance Management System 9

10. NERAMS – Administration Modules User Administration Define Users (New User / Details / Password change) Define Roles (HQ / Divisional Administrator, Data Entry, Users) Define Jurisdictions & Access Control (Divisions) Generate Access Codes (for Divisions) Data Aggregation Assimilating data from Division offices Disseminating data model / rules to Division offices Database backup & Restore 10

11. NERAMS – Technical Modules Asset Management System Define Data Model (Pavement Type, Width, Materials etc.) Define Road Network (Roads & Sections) Add Assets (Pavement Inventory, Composition, Culverts, Bridges) Add Survey Data (Pavement Condition, Pavement Structural Strength, Traffic Volume, Social Data) Features Data Input and Export in Excel Reporting in pdf format Historical Data Storage and Retrival 11

12. NERAMS – Technical Modules Pavement Management System Define Maintenance Strategy (Engineering Standards) Define Treatments & Costs (Periodic Renewal, Overlay, Strengthening, Widening) Decide Homogeneous Section (Grouping of adjacent sections) Data Transformation (Convert 0.5 km ratings to quantities) Analysis of Survey data and Assign Treatments Estimate costs Adjusting Treatment and Costs Prepare Maintenance Plan Data Export to Excel & Reporting in pdf (Works, Costs by Section / Division) 12

13. NERAMS – Technical Modules Routine Maintenance Management System Define Maintenance Strategy (Engineering Standards) Define Treatments & Costs (Patching, Crack Sealing, Pothole filling etc.) Data Transformation (Covert 0.5 km ratings to quantities) Assign Treatments Estimate costs Adjusting Treatment and Costs Prepare Routine Maintenance Plan Data Export to Excel & Reporting in pdf (Works, Costs by Section / Division) 13

14. Data Collection Network Referencing Location & Extent of Asset (Road List & Segments) Road Inventory and Pavement Composition At each 0.5 km interval Road Inventory (pavement type, width, shoulder type / width, Terrain, Submergence, Landslide Protection Wall, Drain, Right of Way) Pavement Composition (wearing course, base, sub-base, subgrade, age) Road Condition & Structural Strength At each 0.5 km interval Visual Assessment (Severity & Extent Ratings) Pavement Distress (Cracking, Pothole, Ravelling, Rutting, Failed Section) Roughness Deflection Data (Using BBD Instrument) Traffic Volume count data Daily Traffic in 16 vehicle categories in each section Culvert and Bridge Inventory and Overall Condition Habitation Data (Social Infrastructure along roads) 14

15. Network Referencing – Road Data 15

16. Network Referencing – Section Data 16

17. Road Inventory 17

18. Pavement Composition 18

19. Pavement Condition 19

20. 0 #none: 2 Mod: 1 Minor: 3 Extensive: Cracking Ratings: Distress > 5 m 2 and <10% of segment length Distress < 5 m 2 Distress > 10% and <50% of segment length Distress > 50% of segment length

21. 0 # none : 2 Mod: 1 Minor: 3 Extensive: Failed Section Ratings: Distress < 5 m 2 Distress > 5 m 2 and <10% of segment length Distress > 10% and <50% of segment length Distress > 50% of segment length

22. 0 #none: 2 Mod: 1 Minor: 3 Extensive: Potholes Ratings: Occasional deep potholes and/or frequent shallow potholes Distress < 5 m 2 Frequent deep potholes affecting vehicle speed Potholes spread across carriageway (comfortable speed: <30 km/h)

23. 0 #none: 2 Mod: 1 Minor: 3 Extensive: Ravelling Ratings: Distress >50% of segment length Distress > 5 m 2 and <10% of segment length Distress < 5 m 2 Distress >10% and <50% of segment length

24. Rutting 24 1 Minor Rut less than 15 mm in depth with or without longitudinal crack 2 Moderate Rut between 15 mm and 30 mm in depth with or without longitudinal crack 3 Extensive Rut of more than 30 mm in depth with or without single or multiple longitudinal cracks

25. General Condition of Drainage 25 The main cases of deficient drainage are listed below: 1. Low embankment in flat area 2. Drainage system blocked resulting in flooded sections 3. Cross drainage under designed resulting in flooded sections

26. Roughness (1) along straight alignments excluding interferences with other users (2) as defined in Table 4.1 (3) The PMS module considers this roughness class (5) as criteria for selecting the corresponding sections for the reconstruction programme

27. Pavement Deflection Measures rebound deflection under a standard wheel load. Guidelines followed in India - Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Road Pavements Using Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique IRC : 81-1997. Used for overlay thickness design. Benkelman beam equipment is used for deflection measurement. 27

28. Benkelman Beam Slender beam 366cm long pivoted at a distance of 244cm from the tip Measurement is taken by suitably placing the probe between the rear dual wheels of a loaded truck. Deflection readings taken every 500m on SHs and MDRs. 28

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30. Deflection Measurement Take measurement at 0.6m from the edge of the pavement for single lane and 0.9m for intermediate and double lane Three readings needed: a. under the wheel (d 0 ) - Initial b. when truck moves 2.7m(d 2.7 ) - Intermediate c. when truck moves 9.0m(d 9.0 ) – Final Take pavement and ambient temperature every hour. Lever ratio in measurement is 2, Therefore, multiply the read deflection by 2 to get the real value. If (d 2.7 – d 9.0 ) < 0.025 mm, Deflection D = 2 x (d 0 - d 9.0 ) If (d 2.7 – d 9.0 ) > 0.025mm, Deflection D = 2 [(d 0 – d 9.0 ) + 2.91 (d 2.7 – d 9.0 ) ] 30

31. Deflection Measurement Apply temperature correction to normalise readings for standard pavement of 35 o C. No correction required if the total thickness of asphalt layer(s) is less than 50 mm. Apply moisture correction based on subgrade soil when test done in dry weather. Characteristic deflection of a section: = average + 2 x std. deviation CHECK LIST Rear axle-load – 8170 kg + 1% (8088 – 8252 kg) Tyre pressure – 5.6 kg / cm 2 + 5% (5.4 – 5.8 kg / cm 2 ) Dial gauge moving freely 31

32. Pavement Structural Strength 32

33. Moisture correction factor charts

34. Deflection Data Processing 34 Test Location Chainage (Km) + (m) D(2700)- D(9000) D(0)- D(9000) Reb. Def. (mm) Pavt. Temp. (degree Celcius) Temp. Corr. Def. Subgrade Moisture Corr. Factor Moisture+ Temp. Corrected Deflection (mm) Avg. (mm) Char. Def. Soil Type PI (%)MC (%) 94+000 0.010.270.54 480.41SM-SC511.21.010.41 0.430.79 94+500 0.020.200.40 480.27SM-SC511.21.010.27 95+000 0.010.340.68 480.55SM-SC511.21.010.56 95+500 0.000.440.88 480.75SM-SC511.21.010.76 96+000 0.010.250.50 480.37SM-SC511.21.010.37 96+500 0.000.340.68 480.55SM-SC511.21.010.56 97+000 0.000.170.34 480.21SM-SC511.21.010.21 97+500 0.020.230.46 480.33SM-SC511.21.010.33

35. Overlay Thickness Design Characteristic deflection (mm) – from BBD survey Million standard axles – from axle-load survey

36. Traffic Volume Count Survey Counting of Vehicles Vehicle types Direction 15 min. intervals Estimate the road utilization in terms of volume capacity ratio (VCR) IRC:64–1990 – Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas Over-capacity roads suffer from congestion, low speed, delays, traffic hazards Loss of time, high operational cost of vehicles Volume count helps to determine the capacity utilization and forecast 36

37. Procedure Each direction separately Counted separately for each vehicle category (16) For 15 minutes interval 37

38. Identifying Locations 38  Step 1: Indentify the end points along the section of any such developed areas, which could include local traffic. Also identify junctions and intersections that could have high volumes of local traffic.  Step 2: Identify tentative locations for survey count post/census stations which can avoid such local traffic. The location shall be well away from all urbanized development, major villages, and major junctions/intersection on the road section.  Step 3: Check that the necessary logistics for conducting traffic volume survey such as permanent shelter for 3 days, light, table/chairs etc., can be provided at the identified location.  Step 4: Finalize the location and name the traffic survey count post/census station.  Step 5: Locate and mark all the traffic survey stations on an index at district level.

39. Vehicle Types 39

40. Vehicle Types 40

41. Traffic Volume Data Collection 41

42. Traffic Volume Data Entry Format 42

43. Traffic Volume Analysis Vehicles converted to Equivalent Passenger Car Unit (PCU) 43 Motor Cycle / Scooter0.5 Auto Rickshaw1 Passenger Car / Jeep / Pickup Van1 Mini Bus2 Standard Bus3 Tempo / Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)1.5 2-Axle Truck3 3-Axle Truck3 Multi-Axle Truck4.5 Tractor with Trailer4.5 Tractor without Trailer1.5 Cycle0.5 Cycle Rickshaw2 Animal Drawn8 Other6

44. Traffic Volume Analysis..Contd Level of Service (Categorised in to six : A-F) – Operating conditions of road IRC 64 – 1990 recommends LOS – B for rural highways 44 Level of Service B Stable Flow Drivers still have freedom of maneuver and choose their desired speed

45. Traffic Volume Analysis…Contd At LOS – B the volume is around half of the max. capacity or design service volume (DSV) The DSV to be considered at the end of design life Traffic are projected to the end of design life (trend line / growth rate / econometric method) – IRC 108 : 1996 Daily traffic volume is considered for design Lane Configuration Terrain Surface Type Presence of shoulders Mix of Traffic 45

46. Bridge Inventory 46

47. Culvert Inventory 47

48. Habitation Details 48

49. Thank You