1. TODAY’S VOCABULARY MILANKOVITCH CYCLES: Describe the changes in the way the earth orbits the sun. –These changes define the sequence of ice ages and warm periods.

2. HOMEWORK STAMP/CORRECT/COLLECT

3. HOW THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN = Seasons

4. MISCONCEPTIONS Weather and climate are the same Global Warming/Acid Rain/Ozone problems all made up by scientists to get government funding for their research Hole in the ozone causes global warming

5. CLIMATE PART VII: What is climate and how does climate change?

6. Definition of Climate Average weather over a long period of time. –MINIMUM TIME PERIOD - 30 years

7. Two factors that determine a region’s climate Temperature Precipitation

8. Temperature Changes http://geog.uoregon.edu/envchange/clim_a nimations/flash/tmp2m.htmlhttp://geog.uoregon.edu/envchange/clim_a nimations/flash/tmp2m.html

9. Precipitation Changes http://geog.uoregon.edu/envchange/clim_a nimations/flash/pwat.htmlhttp://geog.uoregon.edu/envchange/clim_a nimations/flash/pwat.html

10. RESULTS: 3 MAJOR CLIMATE ZONES OF THE WORLD

11. Climate is driven by the sun But amount of heat energy can vary ….. –(1) sun sometimes is hotter/cooler –(2) changes in the Earth's orbit and tilt –(3) volcanic eruptions Other factors that influence climate –Same factors that influence weather….

12. Factors that influence climate Elevation: For every 1,000 feet above sea level the temperature drops approximately 2 o C (3.6º F)

13. Factors that influence climate Latitude: The further north or south from the equator, the cooler/colder the climate is.

14. Factors that influence climate Distance from a large body of water: Water stabilized temperature. Winters aren’t too cold, summers aren’t too hot.

15. Factors that influence climate OCEAN CURRENTS: If the current starts at the equator it will be warm If the current starts at the poles it will be cold

16. Ocean Current influences on Temperature

17. Factors that influence climate GLOBAL WINDS : Major wind patterns of the world bring in dry/wet air masses

20. WORKSHEET GIVEN DATA, CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE CLIMATE AT THE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS?

21. The Earth has many different systems that interact with each other in different ways. Land OceansAtmosphere Biosphere Ice The Climate System

22. Modern Climate Systems Atmospheric circulation – change this circulation, change climate Sunlight

23. Modern Climate Systems Ocean circulation The Great Ocean Conveyor CHANGE OCEAN CIRCULATION, CHANGE CLIMATE

24. Atmosphere and Greenhouse Effect –The Earth’s atmosphere keeps it around 30°C warmer than it would otherwise be. –This is the Greenhouse Effect Modern Climate Systems

25. CLIMATE CHANGE: Ice Ages Function of Milankovitch cycles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQSHx Y5ZR6whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQSHx Y5ZR6w

26. Past Climate Systems How do we know about climate systems in the past?

27. Past Climate Systems 1. Early human record Tourism NT http://www.travelnt.com Rock paintings provide evidence of fertile Sahara region (now desert) 6,000 years ago. cc. W.V. Bailey

28. Past Climate Systems 2. Geomorphology Above: A “U” shaped valley shows that it was formed by a glacier. River deltas show where rivers entered the ocean or a lake.

29. Past Climate Systems 3. Geological record Drilling into the ground can recover rock layers that record what conditions were like when the rock was deposited. Fossils preserve evidence of past life.

30. Past Climate Systems 4. Ice cores GISP2 ice core at 1837m depth with clearly visible annual layers. Ice cores can preserve seasonal layering. Studying the chemistry of each layer can give clues about climate change.

31. What are the current climate trends? cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Instrumental_Temperature_Record_png

32. Looking further into the past… cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:1000_Year_Temperature_Comparison_png

33. Looking further into the past… cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Ice_Age_Temperature_Rev_png

34. Looking further into the past… cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Phanerozoic_Climate_Change_Rev_png

35. Anthropogenic (man) Influence - increasing CO 2 emissions Burning Fossil fuels Cement manufacturing Deforestation Livestock – release methane cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Carbon_Dioxide_400kyr.png

36. Future predictions… Based on no changes in emissions (“business as usual”) The UK would be 2-3.5°C hotter on average. cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Warming_Predictions_Map_jpg

37. What does it all mean? Sea level rise More extreme weather Changes in precipitation Spread of disease cc. Robert A. Rohde http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Recent_Sea_Level_Rise_png

38. Jakobshavn Ice Stream in Greenland Tibet CAN CLIMATE CHANGE? IF SO, SHOULD WE WORRY? Melting Ice…no Ice

39. Why worry about climate change? …Rising Sea Level

40. Why worry about climate change? Extreme Weather – will it kill more people? Ocean Acidification – will ocean life die off? Droughts/Floods – again, kill people? Ecosystem disruption – cause extinctions of some plants/animals? Food security risks – what if we can’t grow food where we usually grow food? Inter-nation strife – fighting/war over resources? Inconvenient for some people and countries, catastrophic for others

41. Questions to be answered… Will there be abrupt changes? How fast will the sea level rise? How much warmer will it get? When will the Arctic Ocean be ice-free? Will the water cycle accelerate? Are climate extremes increasing?

42. Evidence of climate change…. Keeling Curve Greenhouse gases Water vapor – passive, responds to temperature Carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs – active, store reflected IR as heat in atmosphere Sources – Combustion of fossil fuels; Deforestation and soil loss; Rice cultivation Ruminants (animals that eat grass)

43. Will it get worse?

44. But I can’t do anything about it! STOP BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

45. Geo-engineering concepts to control heat balance

46. Law of unintended consequences “an intervention in a complex system tends to create unanticipated and often undesirable outcomes” Bill Nye discusses climate change: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtW2rrL Hs08

47. TICKET OUT THE DOOR Give one example of how climate change will impact the world.