1. The Carbon Cycle

2. Objectives  To describe the main steps within the carbon cycle  To identify the main forms carbon is in at each step  To identify where in our world each step is taking place

3. The amount of Carbon on Earth  We learned in the second unit of the year that the amount of the atoms has not changed since the Earth was created. The amount of carbon on our planet has not changed.  When we follow Carbon around the Earth, we see that it changes friends. For example, CaCO 3 will become CO 2. This means that C dumped Ca and 1 oxygen.

4. Why Carbon?  Carbon is one of only 5 elements in the entire periodic table that can form 4 bonds with up to 4 different elements  Carbon’s flexibility allows it to form many different types of compounds, which allows carbon to travel through the different parts of the biosphere Atmosphere: The air & space above the Earth’s crust Atmosphere: The air & space above the Earth’s crust Rocks: The Earth’s crust Rocks: The Earth’s crust Fossil Fuels: rocks made of once-living materials Fossil Fuels: rocks made of once-living materials Oceans: The water and living materials inside of it Oceans: The water and living materials inside of it Biomass: All living organisms on the planet Biomass: All living organisms on the planet

5. Carbon in Rocks  Primary Form: Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 )  % of world-wide Carbon storage: 99.9%  Formed by: Sedimentation from the ocean  Recycled: CO 2 in the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions

6. Carbon in the Atmosphere  Primary Form: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) carbon dioxide (CO 2 )  % of world-wide Carbon storage: 0.001% 0.001%  Made by: Volcanic eruptions from rock Volcanic eruptions from rock Diffusion from the ocean Diffusion from the ocean Respiration from biomass (living things) Respiration from biomass (living things) Combustion of fossil fuels Combustion of fossil fuels  Recycled: H 2 CO 3 & CO 3 in the ocean by precipitation H 2 CO 3 & CO 3 in the ocean by precipitation C 6 H 12 O 6 in biomass by photosynthesis C 6 H 12 O 6 in biomass by photosynthesis

7. Carbon in the Ocean  Primary Forms: Carbonic acid/ hydrogen carbonate (H 2 CO 3 ) & carbonate ion (CO 3 )  % of world-wide Carbon storage: 0.08%  Made by: Precipitation from the CO 2 in the atmosphere  Recycled: CO 2 in the atmosphere by diffusion CaCO 3 in rocks by sedimentation H 2 O + CO 2 = H 2 CO 3

8. Carbon as Fossil Fuels  Primary Forms: Carbon/coal (C), methane (CH 4 ) Carbon/coal (C), methane (CH 4 )  % of world-wide Carbon storage: 0.009% 0.009%  Formed by: Decomposition of biomass (living things) Decomposition of biomass (living things)  Recycled: CO 2 in the atmosphere by combustion CO 2 in the atmosphere by combustion

9. Carbon in the Biomass  Primary Form:  Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  % of world-wide Carbon storage: 0.004%0.004%  Formed by:  Photosynthesis of CO 2  Recycled: CO 2 in atmosphere by respirationCO 2 in atmosphere by respiration CH 4 C in fossil fuels by decompositionCH 4 C in fossil fuels by decomposition

10. Carbon Cycle Processes  Respiration: using O 2 gas to break down C 6 H 12 O 6 and releasing CO 2. This is done by animals  The opposite is called photosynthesis C 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 air air CO 2 atmosphere Converts sugar to carbon dioxide Respiration

11. Carbon Cycle Vocabulary  Photosynthesis: Plants breathe in CO 2 gas and with sunlight make C 6 H 12 O 6 and releasing O 2  The opposite is called respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 air air CO 2 atmosphere Converts carbon dioxide to sugar Photosynthesis

12. Carbon Cycle Vocabulary  Diffusion: Where CO 2 will move through the atmosphere and finally dissolve into the ocean CO 2 Dissolved in ocean Carbon dioxide moving to the beach Diffusion CO 2 atmosphere

13. Atmosphere Form = CO 2 % C stored: 0.001% Ocean Form = H 2 CO 3, CO 3 % C Stored: 0.08% Rock Form = CaCO 3 % C stored: 99.9% Fossil Fuels Form = CH 4, C % C stored: 0.009% Biomass Form = C 6 H 12 O 6, C 6 H 10 O 5 % C stored: 0.004% Combustion Volcanic Eruption Sedimentation Decomposition Photosynthesis Precipitation Diffusion Respiration

14. Animation  https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/ basics/today/carbon-dioxide.html https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/ basics/today/carbon-dioxide.html https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/ basics/today/carbon-dioxide.html