4. Description2002200320042005200620072008 Generation (Ton/Day) 49,90250,73650,00748,39848,84450,34652,072 Generation Per Person ( ㎏ /Day) 0.981.011.050.99 1.021.04  Generation of Domestic Waste  WASTES CONTROL ACT The term “wastes” means such materials as garbage, burnt refuse, The term “wastes” means such materials as garbage, burnt refuse, sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, and carcasses of sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, and carcasses of animals, which have become ne longer useful for human life or animals, which have become ne longer useful for human life or business activities business activities Generation of Wastes

5. year Heating Value (kcal/kg) Composition(wt%)No. of plant sites for data collection Moisture Combustibles Ash 19991,51153361115 20052,54138521033 20062,59637531033 20072,45635541135 20082,63234551135 20092,79434541237  Typical Municipal Solid Waste  Trend of Heating Value

6. Description2002200320042005200620072008 Generation (Ton/Day) 49,902 (100%) 50,73650,00748,39848,84450,346 52,072 (100%) Landfill (Ton/Day) 20,724 (41.5%) 20,45018,19513,40212,60111,882 10,585 (20.3%) Incineration (Ton/Day) 7,229 (14.5%) 7,348 7,7538,3019,348 10,348 (19.9%) Recycling (Ton/Day) 21,948 (44.0%) 21,93822,93827,24327,92229,116 31,138 (59.8%)  Treatment of Domestic Waste

8.  Recovery of Waste Energy Electricity Heat for district heating purposes Steam for process use Cooling for air conditioning By extracting all of the energy from the plant and utilizing the heat it is possible to achieve up to 90% thermal efficiency  Recovery of Waste Energy Electricity Heat for district heating purposes Steam for process use Cooling for air conditioning By extracting all of the energy from the plant and utilizing the heat it is possible to achieve up to 90% thermal efficiency  Reduction of Volume & Weight The Volume and Weight reduced by up to 95% and 80% The life time of landfill can be increased  Reduction of Hazard By capturing or destroying potentially harmful substance It is possible to reduce hazard Benefits from incineration treatment

9. PollutantDustCOHClSOxNOx Environmental Standard by Law 20mg/S ㎥ 20ppm 30ppm70ppm New Plant Existing Plant built before 97.7.19 Till 2003.6.30From 2003.7.1 0.10.50.1 CapacityNew Plant Existing Plant 2001.1.1-2005.12.31From 2006.1.1 Above 4 ton/hr0.1201 2-4 ton/hr1405 0.2-2 ton/hr54010 (unit : ng-TEQ/s ㎥ ) Note: excluding medical wastes and above 2 ton/hr MSW incinerators Environmental Standards & Guarantee in Korea  Environmental Standards & Guarantee in Korea Environmental Standards for Large(above 2ton/hr) MSW incinerators Environmental Standards for Large(above 2ton/hr) MSW incinerators Dioxin Emission Standard for incinerators in Korea Dioxin Emission Standard for incinerators in Korea Dioxin Emission Standard for Large (above 2ton/hr) MSW incinerators Dioxin Emission Standard for Large (above 2ton/hr) MSW incinerators (unit : ng-TEQ/s ㎥ )

10. DescriptionTotal Small (200kg/hr under) Middle (200kg/hr ~2ton/hr) Large (2ton/hr above) Sites 177 (100%) 58 (32.8%) 71 (40.1%) 48 (27.1%) Capacity (ton/day) 14,865 (100%) 91 (0.6%) 1,428 (9.6%) 13,346 (89.8%) Amount of Incineration (1,000ton/year) 3,460 (100%) 13 (0.4%) 284 (8.2%) 3,163 (91.4%) Total 85 incinerators are Continuous operating(24 hours a day)  Status of MSW Incineration Plants in Korea

11. Present conditions using remaining heat energy of Incineration Plant

12. Heat Supply Method using remaining heat of Incineration Plants Main Purpose Generation Heat Supply + Generation -Steam condition of boiler : 10~20kg/cm 2 -Steam condition of boiler : 20~30kg/cm 2,250~280 ℃ -Method to turn steam of high temperature and high pressure generating from boiler over to electricity by using turbine - Method to use additional steam emitted for water heater and heating arrangements Steam header Hot Water Supply Hot Water recovery Boiler Conden -sate Boiler Steam Turbine Generator Steam Condenser

13. Item outline Generation Quantities (Gcal/year) Using Quantities(Gcal/year) Rate of Using (%) Sites Capacity (Ton/day) TotalGenerationHeat Supply Total7817,5019,644,3118,353,4411,320,8717,032,57086.6% Domestic4513,0166,976,7276,330,3631,253,1125,077,25190.7% Industrial334,4852,667,5842,023,07867,7591,955,31975.8% ItemTotal GenerationHeat Supply SubtotalSale Own Use Subtotal SaleOwn Use District Heating Indu- strial Cogene- Ration Wastewater Treatment Heating Sludge Drying Etc. Total 8,353,4411,320,871254,3611,066,5107,032,5703,234,340825,397378,216150,614128,63028,8112,286,559 Domestic 6,330,3631,253,112254,361998,7515,077,2513,036,9612,040,287 Industrial 2,023,07867,759 1,955,319197,379825,397378,216150,614128,63028,811246,272  Summarization  Details (unit : Gcal/year)  Heat Usage from MSW Incineration

14.  Recovered energy from waste incineration (over 50ton/day capacity plant)  Heat : 6,537,163Gcal/a, Electricity : 156,598MWh/a (ton, Gcal) (month)  Energy Recovery from MSW Incineration

16.  Location : Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul  Capacity : 250 TPD x 3Units  Boiler : 44.1ton/hr x 3Units  Steam Turbine Generator : 5,000 ㎾  Construction Period : 2001.11 ～ 2005.5  Total Costs : About US$ 171,166,000  Mapo Resource Recovery Plant Outlines

17. Process Flow Process Flow FeedingFeeding Waste receptionWaste reception Feed wasteFeed waste to incinerator to incinerator by crane by crane RPF facilityRPF facility Crusher andCrusher andseparator Incinerator & BoilerIncinerator & Boiler IncineratorIncinerator Boiler :Boiler : heat recovery heat recovery Rotary kilnRotary kiln FGTFGT SDRSDR 1 st Bag filter1 st Bag filter SCRSCR 2 nd Bag filter2 nd Bag filter AshAsh recycling recycling Bottom ash :Bottom ash : Sintering → Sintering → Brick Brick Fly ash :Fly ash : Melting → Melting → brick brick Feeding & SeparationFeeding & Separation Incineration &Gas CoolingIncineration &Gas Cooling Flue Gas TreatmentFlue Gas Treatment Ash RecyclingAsh Recycling IncineratorIncinerator BoilerBoiler heat recovery heat recovery

18. LAY-OUT LAY-OUT Reception hallReception hall CraneCrane Waste pitWaste pit IncineratorIncinerator BoilerBoiler SDRSDR 2 nd B/F2 nd B/F 1 st B/F1 st B/F SCRSCR

19. Refuse Weighing Scale Wastes Reception Room Refuse Bunker Bunkers are divided into sections to separately store newly arrived wastes from those already sorted

20. Incinerator Waste Heat Boiler Prevention of Dioxin refor- mation, by rapid cooling of flue gas to 200 ℃, and remova l of dust accumulation on the boiler tube by soot blowing Destroy harmful gases by enough retention time, and satisfy heavy metal leaching standard by heat treatment

21. SDRSDR SOx SOx 1 st Bag Filter1 st Bag Filter Dust, Dioxin 2 nd Bag Filter2 nd Bag Filter Dust, Dioxin SCRSCR NOx, Dioxin NOx, Dioxin Fluegas Treatment System Fluegas Treatment System ProcessProcess

22. Semi-Dry Reactor(SDR) Bag Filter With a cylindrical downward airflow- type operation, slaked lime slurry sprayed within the reaction tower removes acid gas and performs the first-stage removal of heavy metals through condensation and adsorption Removes over 99 percent of dust and performs the second-stage removal of acid gas and heavy metals and the first- stage removal of dioxin though adsorption by activated carbon Police Filter Removal of NOx by deoxidized reaction by ammonia water, removal of dioxin additionally by SCR Tower Removes dioxin, heavy metals and pollutants reacting in the SCR catalyst Tower a second time by means of an activated carbon/slaked lime spray SCR Tower

23.  Heat for district heating & industrial process  Cooling for air conditioning  Electricity Heat Exchanger Waste Heat Boiler Steam Turbine Generator Steam headerElectricity Waste energy recovery system Waste energy recovery system  Cogeneration System DistrictHeating

24. Waste energy recovery system Waste energy recovery system DivisionEnergy Waste668 ton/day Heat57.9 Gcal/hr Electricity- Before Turbine installationBefore Turbine installation Heat Heat After Turbine installationAfter Turbine installation Heat + Electricity Heat + Electricity DivisionEnergy Waste668 ton/day Heat48.71 Gcal/hr Electricity7,200 kW Heat exchanger Boiler DeaeratorCondensation water tank District Heating District heating Circulation pump District heating Circulation pump Heat exchanger DeaeratorCondensation water tank Condenser Turbine generator

25. Waste energy recovery system Waste energy recovery system Division Before (A) After (B) Amount of profit increase (B - A) Waste inlet668 ton/day Electricity generation -7,200kW District heating supply 57.9 Gcal/hr48.71 Gcal/hr Electricity cost-1,478,6683,537,9945,016,662 Heat cost7,722,1516,496,477-1,225,674 Total profit6,243,48310,034,471 3,790,988 (US$ 3,446,352) NOTE. 1. Unit cost of electricity : 108 KWR/kWh 2. Unit cost of heat supply : 16,688 KWR/Gcal Profit analysisProfit analysis (unit : 1thousand KWR/yr)  CO 2 Reduction : About 168,000 tCO 2