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2. Objectives Implement server-class power supplies and UPS Describe features of data center power distribution 4.3 Power Distribution 319

3. Power Voltage o Potential difference o Volts Current o Flow of electrons o Amps Resistance o (Non) conductivity o Ohms (R) Power o Watts o Volts * Amps AC versus DC VAC supply differences 4.3 Power Distribution 319

4. Power Problems Fuse Grounding Surges Sags Brownouts Blackouts Electromagnetic Interference 4.3 Power Distribution 320

5. Power Supply Unit Wattage and Power Rating Rack-mounted and Blade PSUs Redundant Power (Hot Plug PSUs) Standalone PSUs 4.3 Power Distribution 322

6. Connector Types and Voltages ATX Power Supply P1 (motherboard) 24-pin (legacy 20-pin) Molex / SATA Device power PCIe Supplement bus power 8-pin (legacy 6-pin) P4 / EPS12V CPU power 8-pin (4-pin legacy) 4.3 Power Distribution 324

7. Surge suppressor Line conditioner Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Backup generator Dealing with Power Problems 4.3 Power Distribution 325

8. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) Types o Online o Line interactive o Offline Ride-through Configuration tools 4.3 Power Distribution 325

9. UPS Sizing Maximum load o VA versus watts o Apparent power versus actual power o Power Factor / Power Factor Correction (PFC) Run time versus capacity 4.3 Power Distribution 327

10. UPS in the Data Center Data center capacity planning UPS monitoring o Status alerts o Power event behavior 4.3 Power Distribution 330

11. Size and weight – handling and placement Battery replacement o Test procedures o Hot swapping batteries (bypass mode) o Battery disposal UPS Maintenance 4.3 Power Distribution 331

12. PDUs Circuit current (amperage) Power Distribution Unit (PDU) o Maximum load (V*A = W) o Allow 20% overhead o Connector types (IEC Cxx and NEMA x-yy) 4.3 Power Distribution 333

13. Power conversions o 440V, 460V, or 480V delivered to the UPS, which will either output the same voltage to the PDU or use a 3-phase scheme to output 480 / 277 VAC or 415 / 240 VAC to the PDU o The PDU converts the high voltage AC mains supply to a "regular" AC voltage (usually one of 208 VAC, 277 VAC, or 240 VAC) for the PSUs o The PSUs then perform their power conversion to deliver 12V DC to the server components or blade enclosure 48V DC supply Redundant power circuits 3-phase power supply Twist-lock plug types (NEMA Lx) Power Circuits 4.3 Power Distribution 334

14. Review Implement server-class power supplies and UPS Describe features of data center power distribution 4.3 Power Distribution 336