1. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Bluetooth Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Sonal Jain B.Tech (IV), Electrical Engg. Dept.,ITBHU sonaljain@ieee.org IEEE SPAVes Sept 14, 15 Institute of Technology, BHU

2. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio –at low power & low price point Bluetooth

3. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access Value proposition of Bluetooth

4. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Radio specification Goal is a single chip radio Relaxed RF specifications reduce cost 2.4 GHz ISM band radio Frequency Hop (FH) spread spectrum: 1600 hops/sec Bluetooth Radio

5. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Bluetooth is a 2.4 GHz ISM band spread spectrum radio – 2400 - 2483.5 MHz allows world wide (almost) operation – 1600 hops/sec (625 msec) frequency hopper – 79 One MHz channels (23 in France, Japan) – Tx power 1 mW – Range 10 cm to 10 m at low power – Data rates: from 432/432 kbps symmetric channel to 723/57 kbps asymmetric channel Bluetooth Radio

6. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU One unit becomes the master and the others Slaves with maximum of 8 devices in a piconet. Master/slave relationship establishes timing A slave can become a master in another Piconet. This connects two Piconets into a Scatter Net MASTER Master/Slave Piconet

7. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Master in one piconet can be a slave in another Addressing limits number of active devices in a piconet to 7 An indefinite number of parked devices remain synchronized with the piconet but are not active Bluetooth Pico and Scatter nets

8. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Scatter net

9. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Scatter net scenario 2

10. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Cell phone Cordless headset Cell phone Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Inter Piconet communication

11. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol –to learn about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity

12. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Piconet formation Master Active Slave Parked Slave Standby Page - scan protocol –to establish links with nodes in proximity

13. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Link Manager Controls BT operational modes – Active Mode BT can accommodate only 7 active slaves AM_ADDR: 3 bit address given to each active slave – Hold Mode – Park Mode – Sniff Mode Bluetooth Connection States

14. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU The Protocol Stack

15. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data Control Link Manager Protocol RFCOMM SDP IP Applications Setup and Management of Baseband connections Piconet Management Link Configuration Security LMP

16. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Link Manager Protocol Piconet Management –Attach and detach slaves –Master-slave switch –Establishing SCO and ACL links –Handling of low power modes ( Sniff, Hold, Park) Link Configuration –packet type negotiation –power control Security functions –Authentication –Encryption

17. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU L2CAP RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data RFCOMM SDP IP Applications Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol L2CAP provides Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Group abstraction

18. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM RFCOMM SDP IP Applications -Serial Port emulation on top of a packet oriented link -Xircom cards used in this way on windows.

19. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol RFCOMM SDP IP Applications

20. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Example usage of SDP Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services –search for specific class of service, or –browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the service

21. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data RFCOMM SDP IP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth V 1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points

22. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Bluetooth V 1.1

23. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU ICR, Singapore ICR is Institute for Communications Research Funded by A-Star Collaboration with Ericsson, Motorola, etc. Many patents and ingenious products developed For more information see: www.icr.a-star.edu.sg contact: Mr. Dominic Ho (hodominic@icr.a-star.edu.sg)

24. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Job assigned to me at ICR Set up a MANET using Bluetooth devices Test Ad Hoc Networking Protocols like AODV, DSR, etc. MANET comprised of -4 PCs -2 Laptops -2 PDAs All equipped with Bluetooth devices.

25. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Introduction and Generalities

26. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Formed by wireless hosts which may be mobile Without (necessarily) using a pre-existing infrastructure Routes between nodes may potentially contain multiple hops

27. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Mobile Ad Hoc Networks May need to traverse multiple links to reach a destination

28. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Mobility causes route changes Thus routing protocols are required Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

29. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Routing Protocols Flooding for Data Delivery Sender S broadcasts data packet P to all its neighbors Each node receiving P forwards P to its neighbors Sequence numbers used to avoid the possibility of forwarding the same packet more than once Packet P reaches destination D provided that D is reachable from sender S Node D does not forward the packet

30. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Represents that connected nodes are within each other’s transmission range Z Y Represents a node that has received packet P M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

31. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Represents transmission of packet P Represents a node that receives packet P for the first time Z Y Broadcast transmission M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

32. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Node H receives packet P from two neighbors: potential for collision Z Y M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

33. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Node C receives packet P from G and H, but does not forward it again, because node C has already forwarded packet P once Z Y M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

34. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Z Y M Nodes J and K both broadcast packet P to node D Since nodes J and K are hidden from each other, their transmissions may collide  Packet P may not be delivered to node D at all, despite the use of flooding N L Flooding for Data Delivery

35. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Z Y Node D does not forward packet P, because node D is the intended destination of packet P M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

36. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU B A S E F H J D C G I K Flooding completed Nodes unreachable from S do not receive packet P (e.g., node Z) Nodes for which all paths from S go through the destination D also do not receive packet P (example: node N) Z Y M N L Flooding for Data Delivery

37. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Flooding for Data Delivery B A S E F H J D C G I K Flooding may deliver packets to too many nodes (in the worst case, all nodes reachable from sender may receive the packet) Z Y M N L

38. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Associated Problems Effecting difference between Bluetooth and WLANs Bluetooth WLANs Master/Slave type Broadcast type

39. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Solution ?  Bluetooth must behave as WLAN  Flooding should be possible among Bluetooth devices  Master/Slave kind of network to changed to Broadcasting type.

40. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Ad hoc routing protocols implementation tool (DSR, etc ) Bluetooth Broadcast emulation layer Comprises of Tweaked BNEP Bluetooth Hardware + Drivers and Utilities (BlueZ) Existing already Developed. Solution

41. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Master Slave Permanent link Temporary link S M1 D a M2 M3 M4 b c d e f g h Solution

42. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Solution Technologies used to setup the BT-MANET  Linux open source kernel version 2.4.18  BlueZ – Linux Bluetooth stack  Familiar Linux cross compilation tools  Open source UU – AODV implementation

43. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Questions for You! 1.A ___ number of parked devices and a maximum of ___ active slaves can exist in a single piconet. 2.Bluetooth communicates on a frequency of ___ GHz. 3.Name any 2 core Bluetooth protocols? 4.What does MANET stands for? 5.______ is open source Linux Bluetooth stack.

44. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU Queries!!!!!!

45. Sonal Jain, IT-BHU