1. Cellular Respiration …releasing chemical energy from carbohydrates.

2. A. What is Cellular Respiration? the process by which living organisms release energy (ATP) from sugars created in photosynthesis

3. B. What Organisms Do Cellular Respiration & When? All living organisms (plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria)

4. C. The Formation of ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) –ATP is the first result of cellular respiration –Occurs in Mitochondria

6. D. Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis – a. occurs in the cytoplasm -b. doesn’t require oxygen - c. “splitting of glucose” into pyruvate – d. produces 2 ATP –e. more energy is still in the pyruvate, but can’t be accessed without oxygen –f. Glycolysis is followed by fermentation or Kreb’s Cycle

7. Stages of Cellular Respiration continued… 2a. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Discovered by Hans Kreb -Occurs in the mitochondria--powerhouse!! –Occurs when oxygen is present (AEROBIC) –Allows for complete breakdown of pyruvate Creates CO2 waste –Yields 2 ATP per molecule of glucose

8. 2a. Electron Transport Chain Occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane Most important in Aerobic Respiration: –Most ATP produced here (32-36 molecules) –Oxygen respired in acts as receptor (takes H) Allows H2O to be waster product

9. Stages of Cellular Respiration continued… 2b Fermentation –Occurs when NO oxygen is present ( ANEROBIC) –Evolved prior to the Earth’s atmosphere having oxygen –Used to produce small amounts of ATP –Produces: Ethyl alcohol and CO2 (alcohol in beer & wine) Lactic acid (in muscles)

10. Process of Cellular Respiration Glucose GLYCOLYSIS = 2 ATP Pyruvic acid No O 2 With O 2 FERMENTATION = 0 ATP Krebs cycle/ Electron Transport Chain= 36 ATP Ethyl alcohol & CO 2 Lactic acid Glycolysis + Fermentation = 2 ATP total Glycolysis + Krebs/ electron transport chain. = 38 ATP total (ANEROBIC) (AEROBIC)

11. F. Why is Cellular Respiration Important? This process allows ALL LIVING THINGS to obtain energy from sugars!

12. G. Chemical Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy