1. C ELL R ESPIRATION O UTLINE CELL RESPIRATION 1. Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb’s Cycle: Acetyl CoA Formation + Citric Acid Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain NET ATP: 36 2. Anaerboic Respiraiton 1. Glycolysis 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation OR Ethanol Fermentation NET ATP: 2

2. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP C ELLULAR R ESPIRATION

3. I N O VERVIEW ….

4. 2 W AYS OF M AKING ATP

5. 1. S UBSTRATE L EVEL P HOSPHORYLATION (G LYCOLYSIS & C ITRIC A CID C YCLE ) An Enzyme gives a phosphate to ADP to form ATP!

6. 2. O XIDATIVE P HOSPHORYLATION (ETC + C HEMIOSMOSIS ) ATP made by redox reactions of Electron Transport Chain ATP synthase (enzyme) is needed to phosphorylate the ADP to produce ATP. Almost 90% of the ATP produced from cellular respiration is produced this way.

7. C ELL R ESPIRATION HAPPENS WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN

8. C ELL R ESPIRATION O PTIONS glucose 1. GLYCOLYSIS Oxygen Present No Oxygen 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain AEROBIC RESPIRATION 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2. Ethanol Fermentation ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION OR NET 36 ATP NET 2 ATP

9. I. A EROBIC R ESPIRATION

10. 1. G LYCOLYSIS In cytosol Glucose (6C)  2 Pyruvate (3c) Can occur with or without oxygen NET ENERGY: 2 ATP 2 NADH (+4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP)

11. M OVE INTO THE M ITOCHONDRIA ’ S M ATRIX ….

12. S TART THE “K REB ’ S C YCLE ” A CETYL C O A F ORMATION + C ITRIC A CID C YCLE

13. 2 A. A CETYL C O A F ORMATION Pyruvate (3C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2C) CO 2 is released as a waste product NADH is made

14. 2B. C ITRIC A CID C YCLE 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles Overall Yield: 2 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH 2 CO 2 bi-product

15. S O FAR WE ’ VE MADE … 10 NADH, 2 FADH 2, AND 4 ATP

16. M OVE INTO THE M ITOCHONDRIA ’ S I NNER M EMBRANE ….

17. 3. E LECTRON T RANSPORT C HAIN In inner membrane of mitochondrion Largest energy making step “ ATP Converter”- converts NADH + FADH 2 into ATP Movement of Hydrogens (protons) fuels the process 3 Proteins (electron acceptors), each one is more electronegative than the first. By-product : H 2 O 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH 2 = 2 ATP

18. C HEMIOSMOSIS Last stop of ETC As H + ions diffuse through the membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy to join ADP and a phosphate group to create ATP!

19. E LECTRON T RANSPORT C HAIN 1 NADH = 3ATP 1 FADH 2 = 2 ATP H+ ATP SYNTHASE Matrix Intermembrane Space H2OH2O H2OH2O

20. O XIDATIVE P HOSPHORYLATION : ETC & C HEMIOSMOSIS

21. A EROBIC R ESPIRATION : T OTAL E NERGY Y IELD NADHFADH 2 ATP Glycolysis 202 Acetyl CoA Formation 200 Citric Acid Cycle 622 Electron Transport Chain 10 x 32 x 2+4 38 ATP made, but used 2ATP up after Glycolysis : NET 36 ATP

22. II. A NAEROBIC R ESPIRATION

23. A NAEROBIC R ESPIRATION “Fermentation” Bacteria & Fungi (yeast) – Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation Animal Muscle- Lactic Acid Fermentation Recycles NADH so Glycolysis can keep occuring

24. A LCOHOLIC F ERMENTATION Occurs in some BACTERIA and YEAST (fungi) Used to produce beer and wine NAD + is regenerated, thereby allowing glycolysis to continue Glucose 2 Pyruvate (3C) 2 Acetaldehyde (2C) 2 Ethanol GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+2 NADH CO 2

25. L ACTIC A CID F ERMENTATION Occurs in ANIMALS Occurs in muscle cells, causing muscle pain and fatigue Glucose 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate GLYCOLYSIS 2 NAD+2 NADH