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Unit 4: Cell Energy
Test Review Answers
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2. 1. What does ATP stand for. What does ADP stand for
1. What does ATP stand for? What does ADP stand for? What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ANSWER:
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate
ATP has 3 phosphates while ADP has only 2 phosphates

3. 2. What are the 3 parts of ATP
2. What are the 3 parts of ATP? Draw a molecule of ATP and label its parts.
ANSWER:
1) Adenine
2) Ribose sugar
3) 3 Phosphates
**Adenine & ribose combined make adenosine

4. 3. How is energy released from ATP?
ANSWER:
Break the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate (by hydrolysis)

5. 4. Define photosynthesis
ANSWER:
Process that makes glucose/sugars using light energy/sunlight.

6. 5. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
5. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? [You must memorize the equation!!]
ANSWER:
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ® C6H12O6 + 6O2

7. 6. What PLANT STRUCTURE does photosynthesis take place?
ANSWER:
LEAVES

8. 7. What organelle & in what parts of the organelle does photosynthesis take place?
ANSWER:
Chloroplast  Thylakoids + Stroma

9. 8. What is chlorophyll? Where (exactly) is chlorophyll found?
ANSWER:
Chlorophyll is a pigment that captures sunlight.
It is found in the thylakoids of the chloroplast.

10. 9. Why are plants green? ANSWER:
Chlorophyll reflects the green light wavelengths – green is not absorbed.

11. 10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions:
ANSWER:
takes places in the stroma =
light independent
b. makes oxygen (O2) from water (H2O) =
light dependent

12. 10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions:
ANSWER:
c. Makes ATP =
light dependent
d. makes glucose (C6H12O6) from carbon dioxide (CO2) =
light independent

13. 10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions:
ANSWER:
e. takes place in the thylakoids =
light dependent
f. Has Calvin Cycle =
light independent

14. 11. Define cellular respiration.
ANSWER:
It is a process that breaks down glucose/sugar to make ATP

15. 12. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
12. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? [You must memorize the equation!!]
ANSWER:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

16. 13. What is the difference between something that is aerobic and anaerobic?
ANSWER:
Aerobic means it uses/requires oxygen.
Anaerobic means it does not use or need oxygen.

17. 14. In what organelle does aerobic respiration take place?
ANSWER:
MITOCHONDRIA

18. 15. What is the total amount of ATP made in aerobic respiration?
ANSWER:
36 ATP

19. 16. In aerobic respiration, name the process (citric acid cycle/Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis) that:
ANSWER:
Breaks down glucose into smaller pieces=
Glycolysis
Uses broken down glucose to make carbon dioxide (CO2)=
Citric acid cycle/ Kreb’s Cycle
Makes water (H2O) from oxygen (O2) =
Electron Transport Chain

20. 17. What is another name for fermentation?
ANSWER:
Anaerobic Respiration

21. 18. Where in the cell does fermentation take place?
ANSWER:
Cytoplasm

22. 19.What is the total amount of ATP made in fermentation?
ANSWER:
2 ATP

23. 20. Which process is more effective in making energy – aerobic respiration or fermentation?
ANSWER:
Aerobic respiration because it makes 36 ATP and fermentation only makes 2 ATP.

24. 21.What are two types of fermentation?
ANSWER:
Lactic acid fermentation AND ethyl alcohol fermentation.

25. 22. What do bacteria use lactic acid fermentation for?
ANSWER:
To flavor foods like cheese and yogurt.

26. 23. What happens to humans when there is lactic acid build-up?
ANSWER:
Muscles become sore

27. 24. What type of fermentation does yeast undergo
24. What type of fermentation does yeast undergo? Why is yeast used to make bread?
ANSWER:
Ethyl alcohol
CO2 bubbles released by yeast make bread dough rise.

28. *Surrounds entire outside of cell
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: a. Layer surrounding the cell that allows only some materials in and out.
Answer:
CELL MEMBRANE
*Surrounds entire outside of cell

29. *Outermost layer for a plant – very rigid
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: b. Layer outside the membrane used for structure, support, and protection
Answer:
CELL WALL
*Outermost layer for a plant – very rigid

30. *Look for small stacks of “coins” or “pancakes”
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: c. Structure that makes energy by converting sunlight into chemical energy (sugars)
Answer:
CHLOROPLAST
*Look for small stacks of “coins” or “pancakes”

31. 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: d. Space within the cell found between organelles
Answer:
CYTOPLASM

32. Answer: GOLGI APPARATUS
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: e. Sorts and packages proteins to be sent inside or outside the cell
Answer:
GOLGI APPARATUS
*Folded membranes with bubbles (vesicles) directly surrounding it

33. 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: f. Structure used to destroy or break down wastes and old cell parts
Answer:
LYSOSOME
*Usually round in shape with items inside to show the enzymes

34. Answer: MITOCHONDRIA *oval structure with folded membranes inside
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: g. Structure used to make energy by breaking down sugars
Answer:
MITOCHONDRIA
*oval structure with folded membranes inside

35. Answer: NUCLEUS *Large structure – has a dark center for nucleolus
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: h. Controls all of the cell’s activities
Answer:
NUCLEUS
*Large structure – has a dark center for nucleolus

36. 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: i. Makes proteins
Answer:
RIBOSOMES
*Very small structures attached to endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm

37. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: j. Helps to make and transport proteins
Answer:
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
*Look for folded membranes with bumps (ribosomes attached)

38. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: k. Helps to make and transport lipids
Answer:
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
*Look for folded membranes with no bumps or bubbles

39. 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: l. Stores materials such as food and water
Answer:
VACUOLE
*Look for empty small bubbles in animal cells but one large one in plant cells