1. Alcohol Chapter 22: Lesson 1 Choosing to be Alcohol Free 1 PRHS Physical Education Department

2. I. The Facts About Alcohol  Ethanol – the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages  Fermentation – is the chemical action of yeast on sugars What are some of the risks associated with drinking alcohol? Drinking and driving, increased risk of sexual activity, increased risk of being a victim of a violent crime What is in alcohol? What is fermentation? 2 PRHS Physical Education Department

3. II. Immediate Effects A. This initial “rush” reaction of alcohol masks the alcohol’s true effects as a depressant. 1.a drug that slows the central nervous system *A variety of factors determine alcohol’s effect including: a person’s body size, stomach contents, etc. B. Intoxication – the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced. 3 PRHS Physical Education Department

4. III. Factors that Influence Use  Peer pressure  Family attitudes towards alcohol  Media messages * Advertising Techniques are vast and many. 4 PRHS Physical Education Department

5. IV. Alcohol’s Role in Unsafe Situations “Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents are the number one cause of death and disability among teens.” A. Alcohol & the Law B. Alcohol, Violence & Sexual Activity C. Alcohol Abuse: the excessive use of alcohol D. Alcohol and Extracurricular Activities 5 PRHS Physical Education Department

6. Did You Know? Alcohol use is a serious matter. It is a key factor in 33% of suicides 50% of homicides 62% of assaults 68% of manslaughter cases 50% of head injuries 41% of traffic fatalities Domestic abuse and injury, child abuse and neglect, and workplace injuries. More than half of all drowning injuries 6 PRHS Physical Education Department

7. Real-Life Application Pg. 564 Seeing Through Alcohol Advertising Watch the following advertisements for alcohol…  What is really being advertised?  What is the hidden message?  What is the truth? 7 PRHS Physical Education Department

8. V. Being Alcohol Free A. Maintain a healthy body B. Make responsible decisions C. Avoid risky behavior D. Avoid illegal activities What are some strategies for preventing use of alcohol? 8 PRHS Physical Education Department

9. Alcohol Chapter 22: Lesson 2 Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use 9 PRHS Physical Education Department

10. I. Short term effects of Drinking Factors that influence effects of alcohol in your body 1. Body Size and Gender 2. Food 3. Amount and Rate of Intake 10 PRHS Physical Education Department

11. Nervous System Cardiovascular System Digestive System Respiratory System Brain: becomes less able to control the body. Movement, speech and vision may be affected. Memory: thought processes are disorganized Judgment: is altered and coordination impaired Heart: with a low intake, alcohol causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. At higher intake, heart rate and blood pressure decreases. Blood Vessels: expand, allows body heat to escape. Stomach: stomach acid production increases and often results in nausea and vomiting. Liver: toxic chemicals are released as the liver metabolizes alcohol. Kidneys: increases urine output, leading to dehydration. Lungs: Carbon dioxide formed by the liver is released from the body through the lungs. Breathing: depresses nerves that control breathing. 11 PRHS Physical Education Department

12. II. Alcohol and Drug Interactions 1. Interactions between medications and alcohol can lead to illness, injury, and even death. 2. Metabolism: the process by which the body breaks down substances a. Alcohol travels to the brain, and at the same time the liver metabolizes the alcohol in the bloodstream, then the kidneys neutralize it 12 PRHS Physical Education Department

13. Did You Know? 3. Females become intoxicated faster and stay that way longer than do males of comparable size. Why? a. Females have a higher percentage of body fat and less water in their bodies than males. As a result, alcohol in females is less diluted and more long lasting. b. The enzyme that controls alcohol processing is 70 % more effective in males than in females. 13 PRHS Physical Education Department

14. III. Driving Under the Influence 1. Blood Alcohol Content (amount of alcohol in a person’s blood) 2. Measured as a percent 3. Alcoholic drinks containing ½ oz of alcohol (14 grams) are considered one drink 1. 5 oz. of wine = 1 can (12 oz.) beer = 1 ½ oz. shot 4. Drinking more than one drink per hour causes a person’s BAC to rise 14 PRHS Physical Education Department

15. IV. Over Drinking 1. Binge drinking: drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting. 1. Rapid binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning 2. Alcohol poisoning: is a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose. 1. Effects of Alcohol Poisoning: Mental confusion Slow respiration Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia Severe dehydration from vomiting 15 PRHS Physical Education Department

16. Alcohol Chapter 22: Lesson 3 Alcohol, the Individual, and Society 16 PRHS Physical Education Department

17. I. Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Body 1. Excessive alcohol use over a prolonged period of time can damage most body systems. 1. See page 575 17 PRHS Physical Education Department

18. II. Alcohol During Pregnancy 1. When a pregnant female drinks, so, in effect, does her fetus. 2. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems. 1. FAS is the leading known cause of metal retardation in the U.S. 18 PRHS Physical Education Department

19. III. Alcoholism 1. Alcoholism: a disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol. 2. Alcoholics: is an addict who is dependent on alcohol 1. Symptoms: craving, loss of control, physical dependence, tolerance, health/family/legal problems 19 PRHS Physical Education Department

20. IV. Stages of Alcoholism Stage 1 – Abuse 1. Social drinking that becomes a physical and psychological dependence to manage stress. Blackouts, memory loss, excuses, problem drinker. 20 PRHS Physical Education Department

21. IV. Stages of Alcoholism Stage 2 – Dependence 1. Person cannot stop drinking and is physically dependent on the drug. Central focus, performance slips, blames others. Stage 3 – Addiction 1. Final stage, alcohol is the most important thing in a person’s life. Liver damage, sever withdrawal symptoms 21 PRHS Physical Education Department

22. V. Treatment for Alcohol Abuse 1. Recovery: process of learning to live an alcohol-free life 2. Sobriety: living without alcohol 3. Treatment Facilities: see page 579 22 PRHS Physical Education Department

23. Common Alcohol Myths *Drinking coffee will help a drunk person sober up. Only time can sober a person up. *Drinking long enough will cause a person to become an alcoholic. No scientific basis for this misperception. *Men and women of the same height and weight can drink the same. Women are affected more rapidly because they tend to have a slightly higher proportion of fat to lean muscle tissue, thus concentrating alcohol a little more easily in their lower percentage of body water. *People in the US are generally heavy consumers of alcohol. The US isn’t even among the top ten alcohol consuming countries. *Drunkenness and alcohol are the same thing. Many non-alcoholics on occasion become intoxicated or drunk. However, if they are not addicted to alcohol, they are not an alcoholic. *People who can “hold their liquor” are to be envied. People who can drink heavily without becoming intoxicated have probably developed a tolerance for alcohol, which may indicate the onset of dependency. 23 PRHS Physical Education Department