1. CONFERENCE ON ECL (EU-WIDE VERSION) HEIJO RUIJSENAARS HEAD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLISH MINISTRY OF CULTURE / NATIONAL HERITAGE - WIPO NATIONAL AUDIOVISUAL INSTITUTE, WARSAW, 16-17 MARCH 2016

2. PSM BROADCASTERS AND CROSS-BORDER EXTENDED COLLECTIVE LICENSING

3. National PSM broadcasters: Up to 210,000 TV hours or 800,000 total programming* hours per year * excluding text services UNIQUENESS OF BROADCASTING (1) MULTIPLE PROGRAMMING / CONTENT EU total: Over 10 Mio radio/TV hours p.y.

4. UNIQUENESS OF BROADCASTING (2-3) Multiple contributors, multiple uses Heavy administration of rights clearance: Right holdersPrimary UsesCommercial Uses ActorsTelevisionProgramme Licensing ExtrasRadioDVD/VHS MusiciansDigital services CD/Audiocassette SingersOnline Publishing Writers - Previews- Books Composers - Catch-up- Magazines Directors - Webcast (online only) CD-ROM Designers Mobile servicesOnline information JournalistsVideo-On-Demand Pay-VOD Photographers Joint venture channels Underlying rights Merchandising - Formats/Plays/Books Format sales Mobile subscription services ZDF/ARD: 150,000 contracts yearly; BBC: 305,000 contracts (in-house 2007-08) Heavy administration of rights clearance: Right holdersPrimary UsesCommercial Uses ActorsTelevisionProgramme Licensing ExtrasRadioDVD/VHS MusiciansDigital services CD/Audiocassette SingersOnline Publishing Writers - Previews- Books Composers - Catch-up- Magazines Directors - Webcast (online only) CD-ROM Designers Mobile servicesOnline information JournalistsVideo-On-Demand Pay-VOD Photographers Joint venture channels Underlying rights Merchandising - Formats/Plays/Books Format sales Mobile subscription services ZDF/ARD: 150,000 contracts yearly; BBC: 305,000 contracts (in-house 2007-08)

5. One episode of Dr. Who (BBC) Type of contribution Average number of contributions per episode Music tracks+ 2 Orchestras+ 1 Specially commissioned music+ 16 Walk-ons+ 14 Actors+ 15 Supporting or Additional Dialogue artists+ 12 Directors+ 1 Script* 1-2 Character format* 2+ Show runner* 1 Literary extracts* 1 Photographic stills* 23 + Collective body with mandate Total 90+ * Individual contract binding to third party group required (not retrospective)

6. -Free-to-air -Digital terrestrial -Cable -Satellite -IP-TV / Broadband -Webcasting -Mobile (phone) networks -Videogame consoles -5G (2020) ? UNIQUENESS OF BROADCASTING (4) MULTIPLE PLATFORMS FOR SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION

7. IMPORTANCE OF COLLECTIVE LICENSING E.G. MUSIC RIGHTS CLEARANCE FACT: Up to 250,000 pieces of (recorded) music every week: mass use of music + huge number of right owners + global repertoire + programmes offered offline and online (e.g. simulcasting, catch-up TV, podcasting, related online material) = blanket licence for the worldwide repertoire on any platform indispensable role of national collecting societies

8. Rights Owners and Representatives (UK) Equity British Equity Collecting Society British Phonographic Industry Copyright Licensing Agency Newspaper Licensing Agency Musicians’ UnionPhonographic Performance Limited Writers Guild of Great BritainVideo Performance Limited Incorporated Society of MusiciansPublishers Association Society of AuthorsMusic Publishers Association British Music Writers CouncilBritish Association of Photographic Libraries & Agencies Personal Managers’ Association Authors’ Agents Association PRS for Music (Performing Right Society) Design & Artists’ Copyright SocietyMechanical Copyright Protection Society Directors : UKAuthors Licensing & Collecting Society Rights are cleared under collective agreements, collective licences and individual contracts with agreed standard terms

9. … NOT COMPARABLE WITH …

10. Therefore, broadcasters have enhanced need for legal certainty UNIQUENESS OF BROADCASTING (5) SIGNALS DO NOT STOP AT BORDERS ….

11. LEGAL RECOGNITION OF BROADCASTERS’ RIGHTS CLEARANCE Art. 11bis(2) Berne Convention (allowing for compulsory licensing) Art. 12 Rome Convention (legal licence for broadcasting of phonograms) EU Satellite & Cable Directive (satellite injection rule + mandatory collective licensing of programmes’ underlying rights for cable retransmission) Art. 5(2) sub d) InfoSoc Directive (exception for ephemeral reproduction) Recital 26 InfoSoc Directive (record producers encouraged to enable collective licensing of online rights to broadcasters) Orphan Works Directive (acknowledgement of PSM’s archive problem) Art. 32 CRM Directive (exemption from new multi-territorial licensing regime) National laws (special solutions e.g. ECL or mandatory CRM)

12. FOR EX. ORPHAN WORKS DIRECTIVE: - No ECL (but system of “mutual recognition”) - Diligent search for each embedded work - Prior to use - Cut-off date for PSB (31.12.2002) - Validity of prior agreements? Compare: ZDF: 3 million contracts since 1950 BUT: NO GENERAL FACILITATION OF ONLINE RIGHTS CLEARANCE FOR BROADCASTERS

13. BBC : £10 MILLION PER YEAR ON ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS OF RIGHTS CLEARANCE (= MONEY NOT REWARDING CREATIVITY)

14. Solving cross-border use by abolishing geo-blocking?

15. - For (EU-wide) satellite broadcasting -For cable redistribution of programmes from other MS In both cases, use of ECL is up to the parties involved ! CROSS-BORDER ECL FOR RADIO/TV PROGRAMMES ALREADY RECOGNIZED IN SAT-CAB DIRECTIVE

16. - PSM archives (+ orphan works), - programme ‘start-over’ services, - net-PVR services -certain online services (with societies for music, visual arts, literary works) ONLINE-ECL AGREEMENTS WITH/FOR BROADCASTERS

17. BENEFITS ALSO FOR RIGHTS-HOLDERS 20102011201220132014 Index 100%114128151163% (Source: CopyDan Verdens/UBOD) Collective income for IP-uses of TV programmes (retransmission, Start Over, extended Start Over up to 48 hours and catch-up services) under Danish ECL regime:

18. ECL already in use for IP-TV - allowing for on-line, on-demand viewing - also of foreign programmes More of this, at least made possible? UPCOMING REVIEW OF SAT-CAB DIRECTIVE

19. Legal certainty for broadcasters‘ online services (CoO) Make licensing schemes for cable retransmission technologically-neutral Promote extended collective licensing in EU Member States – cf. Nordic success EBU Proposals: adapt Sat-Cab rules to new media ?

20. THANK YOU!