1. Climate Change Adaptation Indicators

2. Adaptation Indicators- Origin and Purpose Adaptation Indicators

3. Adaptation Indicators- Origin and Purpose Adaptation is an ongoing process Adaptation needs to be flexible and responsive Monitor to provide an evidence base Monitor to understand how actions impact on outcomes

4. Indicator approach Priority – indicators relevant to Scotland Using existing indicators where appropriate Use existing data but some new analysis also Indicators for each theme of the SCCAP High level and cross-cutting where possible Extensive stakeholder engagement

5. Climate change ExposureVulnerability Risk or opportunity Impact Adaptation action Indicators Components of risk Indicator system Exposure and vulnerability to climate change Realised impacts of climate change Uptake of adaptation actions

6. Indicator themes SCCAP Theme Indicator Theme Indicator Sub-Themes Natural Environment Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity Climate space Ecosystem goods and services Pests, diseases and invasive species Extreme events Marine and coastal Physical marine changes Aquaculture Fisheries Nature conservation Agriculture and Forestry Productivity Quality of soils Water quality and availability Water-logging and flooding Pests and diseases Extreme events

7. Habitat connectivity Extent & condition of landscape connections Distribution of climate sensitive species Abundance & productivity of migrating bird species Land under landscape- scale restoration Native woodland creation Biodiversity: Climate space Risk of species being unable to track changing climate space; changes in migration patterns Draws on work being undertaken by SNH and Forestry Commission as well as established indicators and statistics

8. Extent of key habitats Condition of key habitats Condition of climate sensitive species Natural Capital Asset Index Positive status of notified features Peatland restoration area Biodiversity: Ecosystem good and services (terrestrial) Risk of biodiversity loss due to changes in habitats, soils and changing land use (focus on deep peat and native woodland) Draws on e.g. SNH Site Condition Monitoring, Scottish Biodiversity Indicators, NWSS

9. General vulnerability of water bodies Monitored changes in water conditions Condition of climate sensitive species Level of monitoring Positive status of water bodies River restoration Biodiversity:Ecosystem good and services (freshwater) Risk to biodiversity from decreases in water quality and quantity Draws extensively on SEPA data as well as e.g. National River Restoration Inventory

10. Changes in the suitability of land for: Prime agriculture Forestry Changes in yield quality and variability Farmland biodiversity Changes in what is being grown, when and how Agriculture & Forestry: Productivity Opportunities for increases in agriculture and forest productivity and indirect risk to biodiversity due to changing land use Draws on key research (JHI, SRUC, Forest Research) as well as Scottish Agriculture Statistics and the HGCA

11. Drought risk to agricultural land Soil erosion risk Changes in water quality due to diffuse pollution Changes in irrigation demand Use of water conservation measures Changes to drought resistant varieties Agriculture & Forestry: Water quality & availability Risk of changes in water quality resulting from increased soil erosion and leaching, and the impact on agriculture from drier soils Draws on SEPA pressure and measure data, but data on adaptation measures currently lacking

12. Risk of exposure to: Liver fluke Potato blight Dothistroma; P. ramorum Prevalence of these key climate sensitive pests and diseases Change to more resistant varieties Actions to limit the spread or impact Agriculture & Forestry: Pests & diseases Risk to agriculture and forestry from changes in the abundance and distribution of pests and diseases Draws largely on FCS surveys/ statistics and expert analyses of key pests and diseases (SRUC, Moredun, JHI)

13. Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action Risk (opportunity) Proportion of major timber species planted in areas likely to be climatically suitable in 2050 Risk (opportunity) Changing forest productivity

14. Impact Productivity of major timber species Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Changing forest productivity Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action

15. Action Use of ESC decision support tool Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Changing forest productivity Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action

16. Action Diversification of forestry: Diversity of forestry species Diversity of species ordered for planting by FCS Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Changing forest productivity Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action

17. Risk (opportunity) Proportion/area of larch within Phytophthora ramorum Risk Zone 1 Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Pests & diseases

18. Impact Proportion/area of larch with known Phytophthora ramorum infection Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Pests & diseases

19. Action Area forest felled under SPHNs for Phytophthora ramorum Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Pests & diseases Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action

20. Action Diversification of forestry: Diversity of forestry species Diversity of species ordered for planting by FCS Adaptation Indicators- Focus Risk (opportunity) Pests & diseases Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action

21. Relevance: to the climate risk, to other indicators and policy context Current state; past trend; future projection Critical spatial, temporal or categorical patterns Context: climatic and non- climatic drivers Adaptation Indicators- Focus

22. Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action Lack of data Increase monitoring Lack of suitable data Improve coverage Improve compatibility Lack of available data Improve collation Increase openness Adaptation Indicators- Development Gaps

23. Risk (opportunity) Impact Adaptation action How significant are climatic drivers in comparison to others? How effective are adaptation measures in reducing exposure or vulnerability to that exposure? Adaptation Indicators- Development Quantifying the system

24. Adaptation Indicators- Development Continued engagement & communication

26. Climate Change Adaptation Indicators a.z.moss@dundee.ac.uk