1. If only I was wearing a safety harness !!
WORKING at HEIGHTS
If only I was wearing a safety harness !!

2. Working at Heights Presentation Contents
Introduction
Ladder Safety
Safe Roofwork
Scaffolding
Mobile Scaffolds
Mobile Elevated Working Platforms
Fall Speed v’s Reaction Time
Fall Protection

3. Falls are the number one cause of fatalities in the construction industry accounting for approximately 56% of all fatalities
All employees shall be protected from falls of 2m or more by the use of an approved fall protection system
Railings are required at permanent elevated locations greater than or equal to 1.3m
THE PAST
THE REALITY OF WORKING AT HEIGHT EARLY LAST CENTURY.
WORKING AT HEIGHT IS A NECESSITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. BUT SOMEONE HAS TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE PLACE OF WORK. TRADITIONALLY THIS HAS BEEN PROVIDED THROUGH THE USE OF SCAFFOLDING.
SINCE THIS PICTURE WAS TAKEN WE HAVE SEEN RADICAL CHANGES IN WORKING PRACTICES, DRIVEN BY HEALTH AND SAFETY LEGISLATION TO ENSURE THAT THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IMPROVES ITS SAFETY RECORD.
For the next paragraph you need to put in the most recent accident statistics available those shown relate to the 1999/2000
THIS YEAR 38 FALLS ACCOUNTED FOR 48% OF ALL FATAL ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION, THIS IS STILL TOO HIGH A PRICE TO PAY. THE FATALITIES IN CONSTRUCTION ARE WHAT THE GENERAL PUBLIC REMEMBER, AND WHAT OF SCAFFOLDING HOW DOES THE WORLD AT LARGE SEE IT?
Trainer to click mouse to reveal next slide

4. Lethal Ladders: Make sure the ladder is:-
Right for the job. Would scaffolding or a cherry picker be better?
In good shape.
Secured near the top.
On a firm base and footing: 4 up – 1 out
Rising at least 1 meter beyond the landing place OR that there is a proper hand hold.
Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance.
Keep you hands free and tools in a shoulder bag or belt attachment

5. Lethal Ladders: Use of Ladders:-
Work should only be carried out from a ladder when the job is of short duration and can be carried out safely.
For added safety the base of the ladder should be staked or buried to prevent slipping.
Ensure your footware is free from excessive mud or grease before you climb up the ladder.
ALWAYS Face the ladder.

6. Lethal Ladders: Hazards of Ladders:-
Don’t stand ladder on drum, box or other unstable base
Never attempt to repair broken ladders
Never carry loads up ladders – hoist it up
Ladder rungs must not be used as improvised ramps
When using metel or metal-reinforced ladders, make sure there are no electrical hazards in the near vicinity

7. Ladder Safety
“No matter how quickly a job can be done, there is always time to fall”
A good point to remember...
Point out the two practices and solicit responses from the group on why the unsafe position is unsafe.
Answer: The person is overreaching, this violates the belt buckle rule (which we will discuss little later). This makes the ladder unstable and easy to fall over.
Ask: What should the person do instead of reaching?
Answer: Get down from the ladder and move it over closer to the work area.
Unsafe
Safe

8. The Roof: A Risky Place To Be
Before Working on Roofs:-
Fragile materials should be identified and precautions decided
Roof edge barriers (or scaffolds) must be erected tp prevent people and materials falling
Access ladders must be a safe distance above the stepping-off point and must be secured
Where access ladders rise above 9meters a safe intermediate platform must be provided

9. The Roof: A Risky Place To Be
Hazards of Working on Roofs:-
If you can fall more than 2 meters, guardrails and toe boards must be erected
Hazards resulting from adverse weather conditions must be anticipated, and suitable precautions taken
Wet windy or Icy weather can seriously affect safety

10. Scaffolding Never use incomplete scaffolding always inspect before use
Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is crazy
Putting up scaffolding, removing ties and taking it down again is a job for trained and experienced scaffolders. Leave it to them
Never use incomplete scaffolding always inspect before use
Make sure there is safe access, hand rails and toe boards at all edges
Things fall on sites, wear your helmet

11. Mobile Scaffold Towers
Before Erection:
Check all components are in good condition
Check wheels for effective rotation
Check brakes and locking devices work correctly
Prior to erecting towers on suspended floors, ensure bearing capacity of floor is sufficient for the planned load
Before Use:
Ensure the tower is vertical and square
Towers must not be used unless the wheels are locked
Check that outriggers are set correctly and secured
Ensure the platform is fully boarded out and guardrails and toe boards are fitted if working platform is over 2 meters

12. Mobile Elevated Work Platforms
Do not operate without pre-use inspection and unless you are trained
Check condition of tyres, toe boards and guardrails, look for leaking hydraulic fluids
Look out for overhead obstructions such as power cables, unstable ground, other equipment or personnel near-by
Only use on firm level ground, make sure outriggers are properly extended and chocked before raising the platform
Always wear a safety harness secured to the platform by lanyard. Safety means staying in the basket and not climbing on the guardrails
Place barricades and warning signs around the planned working radius
Traveling with a boom, is always in the direction of travel and at creep speed and only if equipment is designed to allow this
Know what to do if machine fails with platform in raised position

13. Good body reaction time
FALL SPEED V’s REACTION TIME
In 1 second your body
will fall 10m
Good body reaction time
= 0.2 seconds
Travel distance in 0.2 seconds = 2m
By the time you react your body will be 2m below where you were standing

14. Fall Protection Fall arrest:
Limits free fall to within 2 vertical metres of the initiation point which reduces force by decreasing fall distance
Consists of a(n)
Lanyard
Anchorage Point
Full Body Harness
Attachment Strap
Fall Protection
Need: lanyard, full body harness, attachment strap, connecting device.
Ask: “How can a fall arrest shorten the distance of a fall?”
Answer: A fall arrest system allows the person to fall a maximum of 2 metres.
Fall arrest systems consist of the following: (Illustrate by showing an example of each component except for an anchorage point).
lanyard
anchorage
full body harness
attachment strap(webbing tie off)
connecting device
NOTE: keep the lanyard in your hand for the next slide

15. Fall Protection Lanyard
Fall Protection Lanyard A device made of rope, wire or nylon strap used to connect the individual to an anchorage point and stop the individual in the event of a fall
Lanyards should:
Be inspected prior to use
Be protected against being cut or abraded
Have a minimum breaking strength of 2270kg
Be the appropriate length
Be attached to an anchorage not to itself
Fall Protection
Need: lanyard, attachment strap
Use the lanyard to illustrate when explaining bullets:
Stress the importance of protecting the lanyard from rubbing on rough surfaces when in use. Let them know you can put something under the lanyard such as a piece of carpet, etc. if need be.
State that all lanyards in use at JE automatically meet this requirement (5000 lbs breaking strength)
Demonstrate while explaining not to wrap an anchorage around a beam and attach it to itself (this is when you use the attachment strap)
Different lengths will be necessary to provide adequate protection. The individual is responsible to ensure the length of the lanyard will not allow a fall over 2 metres or less, depending on the hazard.

16. Safety Equipment for Fall-Arrest
Shock Absorbing Lanyards:
Material in the pack tears absorbing shock and reducing risk of injury.
Available with web or rope lanyards.
Twin Tailed Lanyard:
The expandable twin tailed lanyard is an ideal choice for situations where 100% tie-off is required.
Expandable Lanyard:
Especially useful for scaffolds, steel erectors and construction workers where tripping might be a risk.

17. Located at or above the employee’s waist
Fall Protection Anchorage Point A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices
Anchorage points used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment must be:
Located at or above the employee’s waist
Capable of supporting more than 2270kg per employee
Designed and built to hold the maximum force of the fall arrest
Fall Protection
Ask: “Why should an anchorage be at or above your waist?”
Answer: Free fall must be limited to 2 metres. The D-ring is at your back and the lanyard is 2 metres in length. A lower attachment point will allow you to free fall a farther distance.
Illustrate the above point holding the lanyard (pretend it is attached to you). You can also illustrate this point using the flip chart and markers.
Discuss the 5000 lbs capacity and the safety factor rating. A safety factor rating of 2 is on a case by case basis (when there is not an anchorage to tie off to with a 5000 lbs capacity) and only with approval of a structural engineer, safety engineer and supervisor.
Before changing slides explain to the class that the higher the anchorage, the shorter the fall.

18. Fall Protection Full body harness:
The attachment point of a body harness is located in the center of the wearer’s back near shoulder level
Body belts are not allowed on sites
Snaphooks shall be a double locking-type
Fall Protection
Ask: “What type of harness is used at JE?”
Answer: A full body harness
Ask: “Does anyone know why body belts are not used at JE?”
Answer: A body belt can cause abdominal injury by placing all the force of the fall on your abdomen. A person can only hold a hanging position for about 30 seconds before experiencing ill effects (passing out, etc.)
Refer to the video and how a full body harness distributes the weight placing more on your pelvic region, and how it leaves you in an upright position.
Discuss the possibility of roll-out when using non-locking snaphooks.

19. WHAT YOU NEED?
Full body harness complete with rear dorsal ring (EN 361)
1.75m fixed length lanyard (EN 362)
Shock absorbing device (EN 355)
55mm opening scaffold hook for one handed operation (EN 362)
Blank screen with two photos will appear
WHAT TYPE OF EQUIPMENT IS RECOMMENDED?
Click mouse to bring up the list of PPE, 4 items
click mouse
* FULL BODY HARNESS COMPLETE WITH REAR DORSAL RING
* 1.75M FIXED LENGTH LANYARD
* SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE
* 55MM OPENING SCAFFOLD HOOK FOR ONE HANDED OPERATION
THIS EQUIPMENT IS A MINIMUM, AND THERE MAY BE CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE ADDITIONAL PPE IS REQUIRED, FOR EXAMPLE INERTIAL REELS, RUNNING LINES ETC.
Trainer to click mouse to reveal next slide

20. Care for fall arrest systems:
Fall Protection
Care for fall arrest systems:
After a fall arrest, the equipment will no longer be used (equipment will be disposed of or destroyed)
Clean equipment after use
Air dry equipment, do not hang in direct sunlight
Store equipment in a cool, dark, dry well ventilated place
Fall Protection
Tell the class to reference their Inspection checklist for full body harness (located in the Appendix of their student guide).
Stress the importance of caring for your personal fall arrest system (cleaning and storage).

21. No job is so important that it cannot be done safely
Working at Heights
No job is so important that it cannot be done safely
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ARE PERSONS WORKING ON THIS SITE TO PUT THEMSELVES IN DANGER
BEST - BE Safe Today