1. Neuron Note #8
AP Psychology review

2. William was having his hearing tested, and a number of the tones that were presented were so faint he was not able to detect them. These sounds would:
Fall below William’s absolute threshold for sound
Cause fewer inhibitory responses in his hair cells
Fall below William’s adaptation level for sound
Cause weaker than normal action potentials
Fall above William’s absolute threshold for sound

3. Evelyn turned the thermostat up from 68° 70°; however, she doesn’t think it feels any warmer. Her roommate, on the other hand, thinks that it is now too hot, and wants to turn the thermostat down. Apparently Evelyn has:
A smaller just noticeable difference for temperature than her roommate does
A lower absolute threshold for temperature than her roommate does
A larger just noticeable difference for temperature than her roommate does
A higher absolute threshold for temperature than her roommate does

4. The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on:
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Bottom-to-top processing
Lateral processing
Top-to-bottom processing

5. The fact that your criterion for “hearing” mysterious noises at night may change after a rash of burglaries in your neighborhood can best be explained by:
Weber’s Law
Fechner’s Law
Sensory Adaptation
Signal-Detection Theory
Gestalt’s Law

6. If the human eye was not responsive to differences in the amplitude of light waves, we would not be able to perceive differences in:
Saturation
Purity
Color
Brightness
Hue

7. The lens in the eye: Converts light energy into neural energy
Controls the amount of light entering the eye
Bends entering light rays and focuses them onto the retina
Is the part of the eye that gives it its color
Is the clear covering over the eye

8. The blind spot in the eye is:
Where photoreceptor cells are most concentrated
The point at which ganglion cells converge with bipolar cells
Where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye
What leads to color blindness
The spot on the retina that contains cones, but no rods

9. Television sets are able to recreate the entire visible spectrum by additively mixing three primary colors. This process is similar to the view of human color-vision called:
Opponent-process theory
Saturation theory
Complementary color theory
Trichromatic theory
Color wheel theory

10. When a clarinet plays a high C followed by a low C, these two notes are perceived differently because they differ in:
Amplitude
Purity
Complexity
Frequency
Timbre

11. The retina is to the eye as the:
Eardrum is to the ear
Ossicles are to the ear
Pinna is to the ear
Cochlea is to the ear
Basilar cells are to the ear

12. The frequency theory of pitch perception is flawed because:
Structurally, it is impossible for the basilar membrane to vibrate
Neurons cannot fire fast enough to account for hearing tones higher than 1,000 cycles/second
It places the transduction process in the semicircular canals and not the cochlea
The action of the ossicles interacting with the auditory nerve was misidentified
Neurons fire too fast to account for the first 1,000 cycles/second

13. Food generally tastes bland when you have a severe head cold because:
Your cold will cause the sweet receptors in your mouth to become inactivated
Your high temperature will cause your brain to block signals from the taste buds in your mouth
Because your naturally-produced antibodies interfere with chemical molecules stimulated by your taste buds
Flavor is influenced by smell as well as taste, and with a reduced sense of smell your sense of taste will be diminished
The increased sensation of discomfort in your sinuses distracts your brains attention away from the perception of taste

14. The sense associated with the perception of taste is referred to as the:
Gustatory system
Olfactory system
Vagus system
Vestibular system
Kinesthesia system

15. Information that an injury has just occurred is carried to the brain via the _____ pain pathway; information that the injury has not yet healed is carried to the brain via the _____ pain pathway.
Fast; slow
Fast; fast
Slow; fast
Slow; slow
Generic; endorphin

16. The brain receives information about the positions of the various parts of the body through the:
Vestibular sense
Kinesthetic sense
Kinetic sense
Olfactory sense
Gustatory sense

17. William was having his hearing tested, and a number of the tones that were presented were so faint he was not able to detect them. These sounds would:
Fall below William’s absolute threshold for sound
Cause fewer inhibitory responses in his hair cells
Fall below William’s adaptation level for sound
Cause weaker than normal action potentials
Fall above William’s absolute threshold for sound

18. Evelyn turned the thermostat up from 68° 70°; however, she doesn’t think it feels any warmer. Her roommate, on the other hand, thinks that it is now too hot, and wants to turn the thermostat down. Apparently Evelyn has:
A smaller just noticeable difference for temperature than her roommate does
A lower absolute threshold for temperature than her roommate does
A larger just noticeable difference for temperature than her roommate does
A higher absolute threshold for temperature than her roommate does

19. The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on:
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Bottom-to-top processing
Lateral processing
Top-to-bottom processing

20. The fact that your criterion for “hearing” mysterious noises at night may change after a rash of burglaries in your neighborhood can best be explained by:
Weber’s Law
Fechner’s Law
Sensory Adaptation
Signal-Detection Theory
Gestalt’s Law

21. If the human eye was not responsive to differences in the amplitude of light waves, we would not be able to perceive differences in:
Saturation
Purity
Color
Brightness
Hue

22. The lens in the eye: Converts light energy into neural energy
Controls the amount of light entering the eye
Bends entering light rays and focuses them onto the retina
Is the part of the eye that gives it its color
Is the clear covering over the eye

23. The blind spot in the eye is:
Where photoreceptor cells are most concentrated
The point at which ganglion cells converge with bipolar cells
Where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye
What leads to color blindness
The spot on the retina that contains cones, but no rods

24. Television sets are able to recreate the entire visible spectrum by additively mixing three primary colors. This process is similar to the view of human color-vision called:
Opponent-process theory
Saturation theory
Complementary color theory
Trichromatic theory
Color wheel theory

25. When a clarinet plays a high C followed by a low C, these two notes are perceived differently because they differ in:
Amplitude
Purity
Complexity
Frequency
Timbre

26. The retina is to the eye as the:
Eardrum is to the ear
Ossicles are to the ear
Pinna is to the ear
Cochlea is to the ear
Basilar cells are to the ear

27. The frequency theory of pitch perception is flawed because:
Structurally, it is impossible for the basilar membrane to vibrate
Neurons cannot fire fast enough to account for hearing tones higher than 1,000 cycles/second
It places the transduction process in the semicircular canals and not the cochlea
The action of the ossicles interacting with the auditory nerve was misidentified
Neurons fire too fast to account for the first 1,000 cycles/second

28. Food generally tastes bland when you have a severe head cold because:
Your cold will cause the sweet receptors in your mouth to become inactivated
Your high temperature will cause your brain to block signals from the taste buds in your mouth
Because your naturally-produced antibodies interfere with chemical molecules stimulated by your taste buds
Flavor is influenced by smell as well as taste, and with a reduced sense of smell your sense of taste will be diminished
The increased sensation of discomfort in your sinuses distracts your brains attention away from the perception of taste

29. The sense associated with the perception of taste is referred to as the:
Gustatory system
Olfactory system
Vagus system
Vestibular system
Kinesthesia system

30. Information that an injury has just occurred is carried to the brain via the _____ pain pathway; information that the injury has not yet healed is carried to the brain via the _____ pain pathway.
Fast; slow
Fast; fast
Slow; fast
Slow; slow
Generic; endorphin

31. The brain receives information about the positions of the various parts of the body through the:
Vestibular sense
Kinesthetic sense
Kinetic sense
Olfactory sense
Gustatory sense