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The Intergovernmental Science- Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
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The Intergovernmental Science- Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Objective: IPBES provides policy relevant knowledge on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform decision making Currently 124 Members (Governments) Placed under the auspices of the United Nations Currently implementing its first Work Programme (2014-2018)
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The 4 functions of IPBES IPBES was established with four agreed functions: Knowledge generation catalysis Catalyse efforts to generate new knowledge Policy support tools Identify policy relevant tools/methodologies, facilitate their use, and promote and catalyse their further development Capacity building Prioritize key capacity building needs, and provide and call for financial and other support to address them Assessment Deliver global, regional and thematic assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services
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Structure of the work programme: 4 objectives and… Objective 1: Strengthen the capacity and knowledge foundations of the science-policy interface to implement key IPBES functions Objective 2: Regional and global assessments Objective 3: Thematic and metho- dological assessments Objective 4: Communicate and evaluate IPBES activities, deliverables and findings
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…18 Deliverables Objective 4 Communicate and evaluate Platform activities, deliverables and findings: a)Catalogue of relevant assessments b)Development of an information and data management plan c)Catalogue of policy support tools and methodologies d)Set of communication, outreach and engagement strategies, products and processes e)Reviews of the effectiveness of guidance, procedures, methods and approaches to inform future development of the Platform Objective 1 Strengthen the capacity and knowledge foundations of the science-policy interface to implement key functions of the Platform: a)Priority capacity-building-needs to implement the Platform work programme are matched with resources through catalysing financial and in-kind support b)Capacities needed to implement the Platform work programme are developed with support provided by network on capacity-building c)Procedures and approaches for working with indigenous and local knowledge systems d)Priority knowledge and data needs for policy-making are addressed through catalysing efforts to generate new knowledge and networking Objective 2 Strengthen the science-policy interface on biodiversity and ecosystem services at and across the subregional, regional and global levels: a)Guide on production and integration of assessments from and across all scales b)Regional/Subregional assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services c)Global assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services Objective 3 Strengthen the science-policy interface with regard to thematic and methodological issues: a)Thematic assessment on pollination and food production b)Thematic assessments on land degradation and restoration; on invasive alien species; and on sustainable use. c)Policy support tools and methodologies for scenarios analysis and modelling of biodiversity and ecosystem services based on an assessment and a guide d)Policy support tools and methodologies regarding value, valuation and accounting of biodiversity and ecosystem services based on an assessment and a guide
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A bit of terminology Assessment is a critical evaluation of knowledge for a specific theme or region (e.g. peer-reviewed literature or grey literature). It involves analysing, synthesising and critically judging available information. Confidence terms are assigned to key messages (Executive summaries and summary for policy makers)
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IPBES work follows this Conceptual Framework:
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The IPBES conceptual framework has been published in 2 articles: Díaz et al. 2015 Plos Biology 13(1) Díaz et al. 2015 COSUST 14
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Secretariat (including Technical Support Units) Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) Responsible for carrying out the scientific and technical functions of the work programme, Bureau Responsible for overseeing the administrative functions of IPBES Plenary: Decision-making body Responsible for the overall work programme, working through Bureau and MEP Task forces on capacity-building, knowledge and data, and indigenous and local knowledge Expert groups for assessments, policy support tools and other studies Governance of IPBES
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The first work programme of IPBES (2014-2018) IPBES produces assessment reports on biodiversity and ecosystem services Many of its rules of procedure are inspired from IPCC In addition to assessment reports, IPBES also carries out activities related to: –Capacity building (e.g. early career fellows) –Indigenous and local knowledge –Policy support and tools –Catalysing the generation of new knowledge (i.e. series of dialogues with scientific organisations and funding agencies) The budget of this first work programme is about $43M
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2 full assessments completed and approved by IPBES-4 (Feb 2016) Pollination and pollinators associated with food production Scenarios and models of biodiversity & ecosystem services 5 assessments on-going (to be delivered mid 2018) Land degradation and restoration 4 Regional/Subregional assessments Africa Americas Asia-Pacific Europe and Central Asia 1 new assessment beginning in March 2016 (ending mid-2019) Global Assessment of biodiversity & ecosystem services In a nutshell
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The Regional assessments 4 Regional assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services: On-going Initiated in 2015 in 4 regions: -Africa, -Americas, -Asia-Pacific, -Europe and Central Asia About 400 experts involved To be finished by mid 2018 External peer review of first order drafts from 30 May until11 July 2016 Chapter outline Chapter 1: Setting the Scene Chapter 2: Nature’s benefits to people and quality of life Chapter 3: Status, trends and future dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystems underpinning nature’s benefits to people Chapter 4: Direct and indirect drivers of change in the context of different perspectives on quality of life Chapter 5:Integrated and cross-scale analysis of interactions of the natural world and human society Chapter 6: Options for governance, institutional arrangements and private and public decision-making across scales and sectors
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The Global assessment Was approved by IPBES-4 (Feb 2016) Examines the status, trends (past and future), direct and indirect drivers of change, values and response options regarding biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services Builds on Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Starts in 2016 and will be released first quarter 2019 Forms a core part of the Global Biodiversity Outlook-5 of the CBD (Strategic Plan 2011-2020) Also contributes to the next Strategic Plan for biodiversity (2021- 2030), in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Open call for nomination of experts: Deadline is 5 May 2016; Governments and organisations are invited to nominate.
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Other assessments 1- Assessment on pollinators, pollination and food production Completed; approved by IPBES-4 (see next slides) 2- Assessment of scenarios and models of biodiversity and ecosystem services Completed; approved by IPBES-4 Further work on scenarios and models (approved by IPBES-4) To assist on-going assessments with work on scenarios & models To catalyse the development of new scenarios & models (Future Earth) 3-Land degradation and restoration On-going To be completed by mid-2018 External peer review of first order draft from 30 May until11 July 2016
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The pollination assessment report The assessment report is made of two parts: 1) The Summary for Policy Makers 22 Key messages 2) The individual chapters and their executive summaries
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Process followed in the production of the pollination assessment report Final review by Governments Initial scoping report IPBES-2, Jan 2014 Sept-Nov 2014Jan-Feb 2015May-Jul 2015IPBES-4, Feb 2016 Approved by Governments Internal review(s) 1 st External review by experts 2 nd External review by Governments & experts Chair calls for experts (Jan 2014) MEP selects experts (Mar 2014) Zero Order Draft (chapters) 1 st Order Draft (chapters) 2 nd Order Draft (chapters + SPM) Final Assessment report 1 st author mtg 2 nd author mtg 3 rd author mtg June 2014 (Germany)March 2015 (Brazil)July 2015 (FAO, Italy) Experts at work (March 2014-Feb 2016)
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The Pollination expert team 77 experts including: 2 co-chairs: Simon Potts (UK) and Vera Imperatriz Fonseca (Brazil) 19 Coordinating Lead Authors 42 Lead Authors 14 Review Editors +31 Contributing Authors 3 rd author meeting, FAO (Rome, Italy), July 2015
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An extensive peer review process - A total of 10,300 comments from 280 reviewers (Government and individual experts) from over 50 countries were received during the review process. - Responses to all comments will be published on the IPBES website after IPBES-4.
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Examples of key messages An estimated 87.5 per cent (approximately 308,000 species) of the world’s flowering wild plants depend, at least in part, on animal pollination for sexual reproduction, and this ranges from 94 %in tropical communities to 78 %in temperate zone communities (established but incomplete). {1.2.1, 1.6, 4.0, 4.4} The annual market value of the 5-8 per cent of production that is directly linked with pollination services is estimated at $235 billion ‒ $577 billion (in 2015 US$) worldwide (established but incomplete) (figure SPM.3B) {3.7.2, 4.7.3}. Many wild bees and butterflies have been declining in abundance, occurrence and diversity at local and regional scales in North-West Europe and North America (established but incomplete); data for other regions and pollinator groups are currently insufficient to draw general conclusions, though local declines have been reported. {3.2.2, 3.2.3}.
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Next steps for the pollination assessment Release of the assessment report Successful media campaign at time of release 1,200 online news sites in 25 languages in 80 countries (+ numerous print newspaper and radio coverage). Presentations of report at various venues throughout 2015 (UNEA, CBD COP, national launches, etc.) Science-policy work Work with CBD and IPBES national focal points (Ministries)
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Opportunities to contribute to IPBES in 2016 as an expert Call for experts for: Global Assessment (call for experts for assessment) Sustainable use of biodiversity (call for experts for scoping meeting) Call for peer review of first order draft of: Regional assessments (30 May-11 July 2016) Land degradation and restoration (30 May-11 July 2016)
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