1. Curriculapalooza Jodi Sleyo Corrections Institute Center for Criminal Justice Research College of Education, Criminal Justice and Human Services University of Cincinnati

2. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR OFFENDERS – A COMPREHENSIVE CURRICULUM

3. CBI-CC Overview Designed to provide thorough intervention broadly targeting all criminogenic needs Heavy emphasis on skill building activities to assist with cognitive, social, emotional, and coping skill development Provides modifications for offenders with mental illness (OMI) can participate, though not dedicated exclusively to this population

4. CBI-CC Overview Uses a modified closed group format with multiple entry points –For example, program may offer Modules 1-3, 5, 7, 9 Designed to allow for flexibility across various service settings and intervention lengths

5. CBI-CC Overview Motivational EngagementBasic CBI Concepts Cognitive Restructuring Emotional Regulation Managing Personality Traits Social Skills Problem Solving Support Network Success Planning

6. Pre-Treatment and Module 1 – Motivational Engagement 1.Introducing the Curriculum 2.Influences on our Decisions 3.Decisional Balance 4.Values Clarification 5.Setting a Goal 1.Identifying Barriers 2.Personal Reasons to Engage 3.Weighing the Pros and Cons

7. Module 2 – Introduction to Basic CBT Concepts 1.Introducing the Cognitive Behavioral Interventions 2.Active Listening 3.Giving Feedback 4.Asking Questions 1.Understanding Life History, Lifestyle Choices, and Personality Factors

8. Module 3 – Cognitive Restructuring 1.Behavior is a Choice 2.Risky Situation 3.Recording Thoughts and Exploring Core Beliefs 4.Identifying and Changing Risky Thinking 5.Cognitive Strategies: Thought Stopping 6.Putting it all Together: Countering the Internal Invitation

9. Module 4 – Emotional Regulation 1.Introduction to Emotion Regulation 2.Recognizing your Feelings 3.Coping by Thinking—Managing Feelings Through Managing Thoughts 4.Coping by Doing—More Strategies for Managing Feelings 5.Practicing Emotion Regulation—Using Self-Control 6.Managing Risky Feelings—Anger/Hostility 7.Managing Risky Feelings—Stress/Anxiety 8.Managing Risky Feelings—Sadness/Hopelessness

10. Module 5 – Understanding Our Behavior Patterns 1.Introduction to Criminal Behavior Patterns 2.Thinking before you Act—Managing Impulsivity 3.Managing Risk Seeking and Pleasure Seeking Behaviors 4.Managing Low Frustration Tolerance 5.Examining Self-Centeredness and Entitlement

11. Module 6 – Choosing Behavior Responses 1.Introduction to Choosing Effective Behavior Responses 2.Understanding the Feelings of Others 3.Assertiveness 4.Responding to Criticism 5.Conflict Resolution 6.Avoiding Trouble With Others 7.Dealing with an Accusation

12. Module 7 – Problem Solving 1.Introduction to Problem Solving 2.Identifying the Problem and Goal 3.Brainstorming Options 4.Planning and Trying Your Solution 5.Putting it all Together

13. Module 8 – Planning Your Future 1.Identifying Social Supports 2.Engaging Social Support 3.Sustaining Support Relationships 4.Dealing with Failure 5.Managing Success

14. Module 9 – Success Planning 1.Developing a Plan 2.Getting to the Source 3.Reinventing My Life 4.Staying On Track 5.Responding to Roadblocks 6.Rehearsing My Plan 7.Presenting My Plan

15. Peers Family Healthy Leisure Activities Violence Gangs Domestic Violence DUI Starting Cognate Modules

16. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR EMPLOYMENT

17. Traditional Correctional Approach Refer to vocational program to increase marketable skills or knowledge Require individuals to seek or maintain employment Measure recidivism

18. This doesn’t work Visher et al. (2005) A meta-analysis of employment programs for individuals with criminal records found that overall they did not reduce recidivism. Visher, C.A., Winterfield, L. & Coggeshall, M.B.(2005). Ex-offender employment programs and recidivism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology 1, 295–315. Studies have not attempted to isolate which particular services are effective for which types of people.

19. Attaining vs. Retaining Davis et al. (2013) Most studies use official re-arrest or reconviction to measure the success of vocational programs. No studies were found that measure the long-term ability of offenders to retain employment. Attainment of employment may fail to measure whether an individual kept employment. Davis, L. M., Bozick, R., Steele, J. L., Saunders, J., and Miles, J. N. V. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of correctional education: a meta-analysis of programs that provide education to incarcerated adults. Rand Corporation.

20. The Missing Link “Community-employment programs may be more effective…if the needs of individuals can be identified and linked to specific services.” (Visher et al. 2005) Criminal attitudes are a major risk factor that must be addressed to expect sustained change, even if employment is attained. (Andrews and Bonta 2010). –Offenders who have never held a full-time job may benefit from cognitive training to address their attitude toward employment. Andrews, D. A. and Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5 th Providence, NJ: Anderson/LexisNexis.

21. The Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts

22. CURRICULUM OVERVIEW

23. Curriculum Overview

24. Module 1 – Motivational Engagement Module Objectives: 4 sessions Increase motivation and confidence in gaining and maintaining employment Identify attitudinal barriers to employment

25. Module 2 – Cognitive Restructuring Module Objectives: 6 sessions Teach participants how to identify cognitive distortions and attitudes/beliefs that hinder employment success Teach participants to change risky thoughts when confronted with high risk situations related to employment.

26. Module 3 – Social Skills/Emotional Regulation Module Objectives: 7 sessions Teach skills that enhance participant’s ability to effectively respond in common workplace situations Teach participants to identify and manage uncomfortable, unpleasant, or intense emotions that are common in workplace situations

27. Module 4 – Problem Solving Module Objectives: 4 sessions Teach three steps to problem-solving and apply to work-related situations

28. Being Successful at Work: Module 5 – Success Planning Module Objectives: 7 sessions Plan strategies to manage each employment-related high risk factor Develop plans for loss of job.

29. How to Find Work: Basic Job Seeking Skills Module Objectives: Develop core skills to gain employment –Resume writing –Interviewing –Addressing the felony question

30. Pilot Process CBI-CC –Jail –Probation –Forensic mental health outpatient –Residential CBI-EMP –Non-profit employment services for offenders

31. Questions?