1. Metric Measurement

2. Putting Size in Perspective Here are some measurements: A young child is just over 1 m in height. The marble in the child’s hand has a diameter of about 0.01 m. A cell in the palm of the child’s hand has a diameter of about 0.0001 m. A young child is just over 1 m in height. The marble in the child’s hand has a diameter of about 0.01 m. A cell in the palm of the child’s hand has a diameter of about 0.0001 m. How can you put these numbers in perspective? You can use a ratio of the larger object to the smaller one. This requires dividing the larger number by the smaller number. Another way to compare these numbers is to look at the place value of the number 1. Each time the number shifts one place value to the right, it decreases by a factor of 10. Thus, 1 is ten times greater than 0.10, and 10 is one hundred times greater than 0.10. How can you put these numbers in perspective? You can use a ratio of the larger object to the smaller one. This requires dividing the larger number by the smaller number. Another way to compare these numbers is to look at the place value of the number 1. Each time the number shifts one place value to the right, it decreases by a factor of 10. Thus, 1 is ten times greater than 0.10, and 10 is one hundred times greater than 0.10.

3. 1. How does the height of the child compare to the diameter of the marble? 1. How does the height of the child compare to the diameter of the marble? 2. How does the marble diameter compare to the diameter of the cell? 2. How does the marble diameter compare to the diameter of the cell? 3. How does the height of the child compare to the diameter of the cell? 3. How does the height of the child compare to the diameter of the cell?

4. Metric Measurement A measurement is a repeatable observation of a quantity including a number and a unit A measurement is a repeatable observation of a quantity including a number and a unit Most scientists around the world use the Metric System, also called the SI or International System Most scientists around the world use the Metric System, also called the SI or International System Some basic metric units of measure you should learn are Some basic metric units of measure you should learn are meters meters grams grams liters liters

5. English to Metric You can convert from the English system to the Metric system. You can convert from the English system to the Metric system. 1 foot = ~ 0.3 meters 1 foot = ~ 0.3 meters 1 meter = ~ 3.3 feet 1 meter = ~ 3.3 feet 1 pound = ~ 450 grams 1 pound = ~ 450 grams 1000 grams = ~ 2.2 pounds 1000 grams = ~ 2.2 pounds 1 gallon = ~ 3.8 liters 1 gallon = ~ 3.8 liters 1 liter = ~ 0.26 gallon 1 liter = ~ 0.26 gallon

6. Metric Conversions The metric system is a decimal system whose units are multiples of 10. The metric system is a decimal system whose units are multiples of 10. In order to convert from one unit to the next, you need to move the decimal point. In order to convert from one unit to the next, you need to move the decimal point. Moving the decimal point to the right is the same as multiplying by 10. Moving the decimal point to the right is the same as multiplying by 10. Moving the decimal point to the left is the same as dividing by 10. Moving the decimal point to the left is the same as dividing by 10.

7. Metric Conversions Kilo- Hecto - Deca- deci- centi- milli-

8. Length Length is the distance between two points. Length is the distance between two points. The meter is the standard unit of measure for length. The meter is the standard unit of measure for length. Meters are abbreviated as the letter (m). Meters are abbreviated as the letter (m). A metric ruler is a tool used to measure length. A metric ruler is a tool used to measure length. Metric rulers are generally called meter sticks and represent 1meter or 1m. Metric rulers are generally called meter sticks and represent 1meter or 1m. The prefixes mean: The prefixes mean: Kilo- = Thousand, so 1km = 1000m Kilo- = Thousand, so 1km = 1000m Hecto- = Hundred, so 1hm = 100m Hecto- = Hundred, so 1hm = 100m Deca- = Ten, so 1dam = 10m Deca- = Ten, so 1dam = 10m Deci- = tenth, so 1dm = 1/10m or 0.1m Deci- = tenth, so 1dm = 1/10m or 0.1m Centi-= Hundredth, so 1cm = 1/100m or 0.01m Centi-= Hundredth, so 1cm = 1/100m or 0.01m Milli-= Thousandth, so 1mm = 1/1000m or 0.001m Milli-= Thousandth, so 1mm = 1/1000m or 0.001m Micro - = Millionth, so 1µm = 1/1000000m or 0.0000001m Micro - = Millionth, so 1µm = 1/1000000m or 0.0000001m

9. Mass vs. Weight Mass is the amount of matter in a given object. Mass is the amount of matter in a given object. Matter is the material that all objects and substances are made of. Matter is the material that all objects and substances are made of. The gram is the standard unit of measure for mass. The gram is the standard unit of measure for mass. Gram is abbreviated as the letter (g). Gram is abbreviated as the letter (g). A triple beam balance is a tool used to measure mass. A triple beam balance is a tool used to measure mass. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. Mass is constant, whereas weight is depends on location. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. Mass is constant, whereas weight is depends on location. Example: Example: On Earth, an elephant’s mass is 4400.0kg and its weight is 2000lbs. On Earth, an elephant’s mass is 4400.0kg and its weight is 2000lbs. On the moon, the elephants mass is 4400.0kg and the elephant’s weight is approximately 300lbs. because there is less gravity on the moon. On the moon, the elephants mass is 4400.0kg and the elephant’s weight is approximately 300lbs. because there is less gravity on the moon.

10. Volume vs. Capacity Volume is the amount of space a solid object or substance takes up. Volume is the amount of space a solid object or substance takes up. The liter is the standard unit of measure for volume. The liter is the standard unit of measure for volume. Liter is abbreviated as the letter (L). Liter is abbreviated as the letter (L). A graduated cylinder is used to measure the space a liquid takes up and is usually written as L or mL. A graduated cylinder is used to measure the space a liquid takes up and is usually written as L or mL. Formulas are used to calculate the volume or space a solid takes up. Formulas are used to calculate the volume or space a solid takes up. The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V=lwh The formula for the volume of a rectangular prism is V=lwh Volume = length (cm) x width (cm) x height (cm) Volume = length (cm) x width (cm) x height (cm) The answer is written as cm3. 1mL equals 1 cm3 The answer is written as cm3. 1mL equals 1 cm3 An irregular object such as a paper clip or a rock also has volume. An irregular object such as a paper clip or a rock also has volume. There is no standard formula for an irregular object so a scientist would displace the irregular object in water. There is no standard formula for an irregular object so a scientist would displace the irregular object in water. Displacement is when a person measures the volume by having a starting volume (measured by a graduated cylinder), placing an irregular object in the graduated cylinder and then calculating how much the volume of the water increased because the object was in the water. Displacement is when a person measures the volume by having a starting volume (measured by a graduated cylinder), placing an irregular object in the graduated cylinder and then calculating how much the volume of the water increased because the object was in the water. Displacement is the difference between the two measured amounts or the water displaced is the volume of the irregular object. Displacement is the difference between the two measured amounts or the water displaced is the volume of the irregular object. Capacity is the amount that can be held by a container for a liquid or dry substance Capacity is the amount that can be held by a container for a liquid or dry substance Example: Example: A book can have a volume of 1402.5cm3, but have no capacity. A box can have a volume of 800cm3 and a capacity of 800cm3 because it can hold that much liquid or dry substance. The book cannot hold liquid or dry substance because it is a solid, but the box can hold both. A book can have a volume of 1402.5cm3, but have no capacity. A box can have a volume of 800cm3 and a capacity of 800cm3 because it can hold that much liquid or dry substance. The book cannot hold liquid or dry substance because it is a solid, but the box can hold both.

11. Scientific Notation The expression of very large or very small numbers as powers of 10 The expression of very large or very small numbers as powers of 10 M x 10 N M x 10 N M = between 1 and 10 M = between 1 and 10 N = integer N = integer Positive integer means move decimal to right Positive integer means move decimal to right Ex: 1.24 x 10 5 = 124000 Ex: 1.24 x 10 5 = 124000 Negative integer means move decimal to left Negative integer means move decimal to left Ex: 2.37 x 10 -3 = 0.00237