2. PERSONALITY Mr. Lauta Psychology Shenandoah Valley

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6. Personality “Personality” from Greek “persona” – means mask According to some psychologists, we wear a variety of masks – Carl Jung – “public mask” and “private mask” No two people have the same personality – different genes – raised in different environment

7. Ancient Greek theorist Galen Developed trait theory of personality based on bodily fluids (called humors) –Each fluid (or humor) was associated with a certain personality trait and medical condition –Imbalance in these fluids led to a change in personality and cause disease He divided personality into four types

8. This is a portrait of Lindsey, a student who possessed the ability to remain calm and cool, even in a crisis. In her junior year, her father passed from cancer. Lindsey not only managed to keep things together and stay in school, but she also took over running her father’s business. People with an excess of “phlegm” (considered cold and moist) –Cool, patient –Listless –Apathetic –Calm –Collected

9. People with “too much blood” – Sociable – Cheerful – Optimistic – Playful – “Life of the Party” This a portrait of Amber, a student who always had a smile on her face and had a real zest for life.

10. This photo shows McKenna, a strong- willed, decisive young lady who is also an excellent organizer. Choleric people have “too much yellow bile” –Strong-willed –Natural-born leaders –Tend to be brave –Tend to be decisive –Can be hot-tempered –Can be irritable

11. Melancholic personalities were caused by an excess of “black bile” which causes sadness –Analytic –Sensitive –Thoughtful –Prone to depression –Bashful This is a portrait of actress Patty Duke, who suffers from depression.

12. PHRENOLOGY –Developed by Franz Joseph Gall –Reading the bumps on people’s skulls to determine their abilities and personalities –Greater intelligence affected the size and contour of the brain

14. Personality based on physique –Developed by William Sheldon –Personality based on body types or how it was built Fat, round, soft Muscular, strong Thin, frail

17. Freud’s Theory of Personality Sigmund Freud –Most famous personality theorist –Began forming his ideas based on experiences working with patients Slide # 17

18. Slide # 18 Freud’s Background Specialized in neurology Discovered that he could not find physical reasons for his patient’s problems Developed a theory that personality consisted of three parts

19. Slide # 19 Freud’s Theory of Personality: 1) The Id First personality trait to develop –Inborn and unconscious Represents the innate, instinctive parts of our mind Biological not learned Relates to drives that reduce hunger and thirst Life instincts

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24. The Id is the First to Form The id operates on the “pleasure principle” –Gain immediate pleasure and to avoid any type of pain The id demands immediate satisfaction The id does not care what society thinks

26. Slide # 26 The Id (cont.) The id is powerful throughout our lives –It is aggressive –It is playful The id represents the child in all of us

27. Diagram of the Id “Me first” can’t last forever! “That’s mine!” (“He took my…”) “I’m taking my ball and going home” We learn the needs of others

28. Slide # 28 The Formation of the Superego The superego is the next component to form –Represents society’s rules, prohibitions, restrictions It is like your conscience –Formation of morality (knowing right from wrong) Parents play a major role –“Go to time out!” –Other punishments Schools and churches “It takes a community to raise a child.” How a person is raised

29. Diagram of the Superego Gaining experience with rules and values –Leads to a sense of self in relation to others Self-centeredness decreases The superego is not always conscious Too much superego leads to inflexibility

30. The Ego The ego is logical The ego is the decision maker The ego compromises between the id and the superego –Satisfy self or follow rule The only component that is conscious Mediates between what we want (the id) and what society will allow us to have (the superego)

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