1. Percent of Population Victimized Once or More in Past Year, by Type of Crime, 1996 Percent of Population Type of Crime Note: Horizontal lines indicate international average for each type of crime.

2. Crime Rates per 100,000 Population, Canada, 1988-2002 Crimes per 100,000 pop. Year 36% decline 9% decline

4. Persons Charged in Criminal Incidents, Canada, by Age and Sex, 1991-98 Thousands of charges Year

5. Population per Police Officer, Canada, 1991-2003 Year Population/officer

6. Criminal Code Incidents per Police Officer, Canada, 1991-2002 Year Incidents/officer

7. Sentences to Federal and Provincial Prisons 1997-2001 Year Sentences

8. Abortions and Crime, USA, 1973-97

9. Arrest by Race, USA, 2001 Racial group % of Population % of Arrests White75.169.5 Black12.328.1 American Indian 0.9 1.3 Asian 3.7 1.2

10. An Example of the Medicalization of Deviance Five North American surveys conducted in the 1950s and 1960s presented respondents with the following anecdote. The graph on the right shows the percentage of respondents who considered the behavior described in the anecdote evidence of mental illness. Notice the difference between the 1950s and the 1960s. (Nearly 100% of psychiatrists who evaluated the anecdote thought it illustrated “simple schizophrenia.”) “Now here’s a young woman in her twenties, let’s call her Betty Smith… she has never had a job, and she doesn’t seem to want to go out and look for one. She is a very quiet girl, she doesn’t talk much to anyone -- even her own family, and she acts like she is afraid of people, especially young men her own age. She won’t go out with anyone, and whenever someone comes to visit her family, she stays in her own room until they leave. She just stays by herself and daydreams all the time and shows no interest in anything or anybody.” Percent of respondents who considered behavior indicative of mental illness Year