1. The Early Middle Ages Chapter 17

2. 1. What is Eurasia? The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia 2. Define topography Refers to the shape and elevation of land in a region

3. 3. How does Europe’s geography and climate vary by region? In northern Europe the land is flat with rivers that flow to the seas, and the climate is mild and cool. In southern Europe, there are more mountain ranges, and the climate is warm and sunny 4. How did geography influence where people lived in Europe? Southern Europe~ cities near the coast and river valleys (warm) Northern Europe~ cities away from the oceans and near rivers (cold)

4. 5. What are the Middle Ages/ Medieval period? A period that lasted from about 500 to about 1500 This started after Rome fell and Christianity became the most important part of people’s lives 6. Who were missionaries and why were they important at this time? People sent to teach people in northern kingdoms about Christianity They converted people in Britain, Ireland, France and Germany

5. 7. Who were monks and why were they important during this time? They were religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities They ran schools and copied books for those who couldn’t read or write They collected and saved ancient writings from Greece and Rome They served as scribes and advisors to local rulers They spread Christianity in to new areas

6. 8. Who was Charlemagne and what did he do? He was a Frankish ruler He was a brilliant warrior and a strong king and led the Franks in building a huge empire Also ruled Emperor of all Romans

7. 9. What invaders threatened Europe? Muslim armies in southern France and northern Italy Magyars came in from the east Vikings raided Britain, Ireland, and other parts of western Europe

8. 10. What was feudalism and how did it start? Feudalism is a system of promises that governed the relationship between lords and vassals It started because nobles needed to defend their lands from invaders and from other nobles and kings, this system gives lords soldiers and gives soldiers land

9. 11. Define knights Warriors who fought on horseback 12. Define vassal A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land

10. 13. What were the Lord’s duties? Send help to vassals if an enemy attacked He had to be fair to his vassals (no punishment for no reason) If a lord failed their vassals the vassal would end their loyalty to their lord

11. 14. What were the vassal’s duties? Had to fight for their lord Give their lord money on special occasions (like when a lords son became a knight or daughter got married) He had to give his lord food and shelter if he came to visit A vassal could become a lord if they acquired enough land

12. 15. Feudalism Society Chart Kings and QueensKings and queens were the greatest lords of Europe, and all nobles and knights were their vassals NoblesNobles were vassals of kings and queens. Many were also lords of lower-ranking nobles and knights KnightsKnights served their noble lords in exchange for land. PeasantsPeasants owned no land, so they were no part of the feudal system. But many peasants worked on land owned by nobles or knights.

13. 16. How did feudalism spread in Europe and who was William the Conqueror? It spread to Italy, Spain and Germany by Frankish knights It spread to Britain in the 1000’s by a French noble named William William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy in France, he conquered the king of England and declared himself the new king, he gave his knights land in England, starting feudalism in England

14. 17. What was the manor system and define manor An economic system where the knights gave peasants land to farm and the peasants gave the knights food as payment, they did this because the knights were too busy fighting to farm their land Manor is a large estate owned by a knight or lord

15. 18. Describe who serfs were and their jobs Serfs were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived They worked the lords fields Men farmed, women made clothing, cooked, grew vegetables and gathered firewood

16. 19. Who were the manor lords and what were their jobs? They owned the land (manor) the peasants worked on Resolved any disputes that arose on the manor and punished people who misbehaved Collected taxes from the people who lived on his manor Fight for their king

17. 20. Describe the lives of women in the Middle Ages Fewer rights than men Obeyed the wishes of their fathers and husbands Peasant women worked to support their families Noblewomen ran the manor when their husbands were fighting in wars and supervised servants

18. 21. Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine? One of the most powerful women of the Middle ages She ruled a region in SW France called Aquitaine She became queen of France when she married King Louis VII Then she divorced him and married King Henry II of England and became the Queen of England She ruled her own territory Had many children, two became King of England

19. 22. How did towns and trade grow in the Middle Ages? Did not happen until after 1000 AD Europe’s population grew because of more food (from better plows and larger fields) Trade increased, trade routes all over Europe, people became rich from trading so they left farms to become traders, this leads to the decline of feudalism

20. 23. Feudal Japan and Feudal Europe Feudal Europe: 1. Christianity 2. Religious themes in art and literature Feudal Japan: 1. Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism 2. Nature themes in art and literature Similar: 1.Feudal government 2.Royalty 3.Nobles 4.Warriors 5.Warrior codes of honor 6.Peasants worked the land

21. The Manor System