1. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company0

2. How Hair How Hair talks

3. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company2 Hair Analysis  hair is class evidence  What hair can tell us  hair analysis Learning Objectives

4. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company3 I’m not a stylist, but… ‡Excessive Brushing/Combing Damage See how the cuticle is lifted and peeling away?

5. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company4 ‡Split End This fraying is the result of hair wearing off the shaft, exposing and weakening the hair..

6. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company5 ‡Backcombing/Teasing Damage Tugging in the opposite direction makes the cuticle lift upwards and eventually breaks it—leaving strands vulnerable. Avoid styling this way, and help repair existing damage with Pantene Pro-Vitamin shampoo and conditioner systems.

7. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company6 ‡Heated Appliances Another cause of breakage is using curling irons and other styling tools on wet or damp hair. It can boil the hair shaft, causing welts. So go easy on the heat.

8. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company7 For more free hair care tips, see Mr. La Magna during a free period ‡Healthy Hair When it comes to beautiful hair, well-cared-for cuticles are key. Notice how this strand is smooth, surrounded by cuticles that are intact.

9. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company8 Is Hair Class or Individual Evidence? ‡Class Evidence ‡WHY? ‡Cannot conclusively link it to a particular individual

10. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company9 From hair, one can determine:  Whether it is human or not  Race (sometimes)  Origin of the location on the source’s body  Whether the hair was forcibly removed  If the hair has been treated with chemicals  If drugs have been ingested

11. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company10 Species ‡Human ‡Cattle ‡Wood mouse ‡Rabbit ‡Vole

12. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company11 ‡A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body, a shorter hairy tail, a slightly rounder head, and smaller ears and eyes.rodentmouse

13. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company12 Race

14. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company13 Caucasoid ‡European descent

15. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company14 Negroid ‡African descent

16. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company15 Mongoloid ‡Asian decent

17. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company16 Caucasoid Hair ‡Shaft diameter: moderate with minimal variation (mean diameter for human head hairs - 80um) ‡Pigment granules: sparse to moderately dense with fairly even distribution ‡Cross-sectional shape: oval

18. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company17 Negroid Hair ‡Shaft diameter: moderate to fine with considerable variation ‡Pigment granules: densely distributed (hair shaft may be opaque) and arranged in prominent clumps ‡Shaft: prominent twist and curl ‡Cross-sectional shape: flattened

19. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company18 Mongoloid ‡Shaft diameter: coarse and usually with little or no variation ‡Pigment granules: densely distributed and often arranged in large patchy areas or streaks ‡Medulla: prominent (often broad and continuous) ‡Cuticle: thick ‡Cross-sectional shape: round

20. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company19 Body Area ‡Certain features of individual hairs identify the region of the body where it originated. ‡Body area can be made with considerable accuracy; however, variations occur that can make this determination difficult.

21. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company20 ‡Photomicrograph of Pubic Hair Buckling

22. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company21 ‡Photomicrograph of Pubic Hair Medulla

23. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company22 ‡Photomicrograph of Limb Hair Medulla

24. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company23 ‡Photomicrograph of Beard Hair Medulla (Doubled)

25. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company24 Forcibly removed?

26. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company25 Forcibly removed?

27. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company26 Forcibly removed?

28. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company27 Forcibly removed?

29. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company28Chemicals ‡Bleaching removes pigment from the hair and can give the hair a characteristic yellow cast. ‡To the experienced examiner, dyed hairs possess an unnatural cast or color.

30. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company29 Drugs and Chemicals ‡Hair is capable of recording medium to long-term or high dosage substance abuse. ‡Chemicals in the bloodstream may be transferred to the growing hair and stored in the follicle, providing a rough timeline of drug intake events

31. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company30 Hair Toxicology  Advantages:  Easy to collect and store  Is externally available  Can provide information on the individual’s history of drug use or of poisoning.

32. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company31 Hair Toxicology  Napoleon died in exile in 1821. By analyzing his hair, some investigators suggest he was poisoned by the deliberate administration of arsenic; others suggest that it was vapors from the dyes in the wallpaper or hair tonic that did him in.

33. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company32 What are some hair characteristics used for comparison?  Color  Length  Diameter  Distribution, shape and color intensity of pigment granules  Scale types  Presence or absence of medulla  Medullary type  Medullary index