1. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 23 PowerPoint presentation Preparation techniques 1 Unit 104: Site preparation for working in the construction industry

2. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 2 of 23 Preparation techniques Documentation Before any work starts there are certain documents that will need to be read and referred to for any preparatory work. This will ensure the installation is carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions, in the way the customer wants and in a way that is legal.

3. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 3 of 23 Manufacturer’s instructions These are some of the most important documents to refer to when installing, servicing or maintaining an appliance. They tell us what we must do for correct and safe installation of an appliance. These must be followed otherwise: the warranty could be void the installation could be dangerous regulations could be broken. Preparation techniques

4. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 4 of 23 Preparation techniques Job specification This is a written description of the installation that has been quoted for. It will also list the materials and appliances that will be installed. On occasions it refers to a manufacturer and the British Standard of the materials to be used.

5. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 5 of 23 Preparation techniques Plans and drawings These are the ‘pictures’ that back up the job specification. Plans, elevations and details are needed by the installer before the installation can go ahead. These will show all the dimensions and positions of appliances and will be accurately scaled.

6. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 6 of 23 Preparation techniques First and second fix are terms commonly used in construction. First fix First fix comprises all the work needed to take a building from foundation to putting plaster on the internal walls. This includes constructing walls, floors and ceilings, and inserting cables for electrical supply and pipes for water supply (the carcase).

7. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 7 of 23 Preparation techniques First fix Includes installation of pipes and cables below the floor or chased in to the walls and leaving tail ends of pipes capped off and a length of cable to be shortened.

8. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 8 of 23 Preparation techniques Second fix From the tail ends and cables left from the first fix appliances and fittings can be positioned and connected.

9. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 9 of 23 Preparation techniques Floorboards Commonly known as ‘tongue and groove’ as this denotes the way they locate together, floorboards are laid on joists and either nailed or screwed in position. Floorboards can be covered by carpet or laminate. They can also be a polished finish themselves.

10. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 10 of 23 Preparation techniques Lifting floorboards A lot of work involves lifting floorboards to access pipework and cables so a good understanding of the procedure is important. Floorboards can be lifted with power tools or with hand tools.

11. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 11 of 23 Preparation techniques Lifting floorboards To lift a floorboard using a power tool: 1.Decide which boards need to be lifted 2.Locate the position of the joist (this can be done by looking for the nail holes) 3.Mark the centre of the joist (this makes sure that there is support when the board is replaced). If the joist cannot be found then a supporting cleat will need to be fitted. 4.Using a nail punch, hit the nails below the board

12. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 12 of 23 Preparation techniques 5.Set the depth on the circular saw to the depth of the board. This is to ensure that any pipes and cables are not damaged. 6.Run down the length of each board to be lifted. 7.Carefully cut across the centre of the joists. 8.The boards can now be lifted.

13. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 13 of 23 Preparation techniques Replace them in the same order and securely screw them in position. If a cleat is required, screw the cleat onto the side of the joist before replacing the boards.

14. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 14 of 23 Preparation techniques Lifting and floorboard with hand tools 1.Carry out steps 1–4 as per the power tools. 2.Use a floorboard saw to cut through and down the tongue and groove, or you can use a bolster chisel to break the tongue off. 3.Using the floorboard saw, cut across the joist. 4.The boards can now be lifted.

15. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 15 of 23 Preparation techniques Chipboard Chipboard is more commonly used as flooring on new-build properties as it comes in 2.4m x 600mm sheets (caber flooring) and uses a style of tongue and groove. Removing chipboard is more difficult; the best way is to remove a section using a circular saw.

16. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 16 of 23 Preparation techniques Lifting chipboard flooring 1.Determine which area is to be lifted. The joists are marked by the joins in the chipboard or where the nail heads are located. 2.Using the nail punch, hit the nails below the board. 3.Set the depth on the circular saw to the depth of the board (to ensure nothing below the boards is damaged. 4.Run down the length to be cut.

17. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 17 of 23 Preparation techniques 5.Mark and carefully cut across the board. 6.The board can now be lifted. 7.A supporting cleat needs to be fitted before replacing the board.

18. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 18 of 23 Preparation techniques Coverings On either tongue and groove or chipboard a customer can lay a variety of coverings. Carpet is commonly used as a soft covering. Laminate floors are often favoured because they are hardwearing and relatively dust-free. Vinyl flooring is sometimes preferred for ease of cleaning. If pipework or cables are below and require access, coverings will have to be carefully taken up and then re-laid after completion of the work.

19. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 19 of 23 Preparation techniques Building Regulations Part A When cutting into or drilling a joist you need to follow the requirements set out in Building Regulations Part A. Approved Document A sets out the requirement for notching and drilling and must be followed at all times.

20. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 20 of 23 Preparation techniques Notching a joist The maximum depth of a notch is one-eighth of the joist depth.

21. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 21 of 23 Preparation techniques Drilling a joist The maximum size is one-quarter of the depth of the joist, but any hole MUST be on the centre line of the joist.

22. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 22 of 23 Preparation techniques Risks Whenever you take up floorboards always be aware of the risks: Drilling or cutting in to existing pipework Drilling or cutting into existing cables When the floor is up, there is a risk of the open floor. Anyone could put their foot through the floor, similar to working in loft areas that are unboarded.

23. Level 1 Diploma in Plumbing Studies © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 23 of 23 Any questions?