1. Revolutionary Chaos Communist China
China IV
Revolutionary Chaos Communist China

2. The Nationalist-Communist Alliance
1921: Chinese Communist Party (CCP) forms
Nationalists and Communists worked together to oppose local warlords
1928: Chiang Kai-Shek succeeds Sun Yat-sen
Shanghai Massacre: alliance ends when Nationalists kill thousands of Communists
Nationalists work to reunify China

3. Communists in Hiding Mao Zedong led the Communist Party into hiding
Believed peasants would successfully lead a revolution
Guerrilla tactics: Mao used unexpected methods such as sabotage and deception to fight Nationalists

4. The Long March 1934: Nationalist troops surround Communist base
Mao and the People’s Liberation Army escape to last Communist stronghold in Northern China
Of the 90,000 who began the journey, only 9,000 survived

5. Two Chinas of the 1930s Supported Chiang Kai Shek Westernized
Wore European clothes
Movies, Radio
Jobs
Industrial Growth
Supported Mao Zedong
Drained by warfare and civil strife
80% poor and illiterate
Simple housing lacking modern conveniences
Relied on pack animals
Little benefit from government modernization
Urban Chinese
Rural Chinese

6. Limited Progress Chiang Kai-shek had some success
Railroad system, highways, new factories, national bank, improved education
Foreign powers ended leases
Government was very repressive
All opposition censored

7. Civil War 1945 Nationalists vs. Communists
1949: With support of the peasants, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party are victorious
Lands are take away from wealthy landlords and given to poor peasants
Collective farms

8. The Great Leap Forward 1958
700,000 collective farms are combined into 26,000 communes
Each commune would work together
Effort to create a classless society
Economic disaster
Poor weather/droughts
Peasants hated new system
15 million died from starvation
1960: Communes broken up by government

9. The Cultural Revolution
Need for an atmosphere of constant revolutionary fervor
Red Guards: revolutionary groups who set out to destroy old customs and attack individuals who deviated from Mao’s plan
Root out capitalists
Created fear

10. China after Mao 1976: Deng Xiaoping seizes power after Mao Zedong dies
Four Modernizations:
Industry (expand)
Agriculture (modernize)
Technology (development)
National defense (upgrading)

11. Democratic movement (1980s)
Some wanted China to move toward a democratic system
Many jailed
Students who studied abroad wanted change that resembled the west
Began asking for change
Rising inflation led to growing discontent
Corruption among Chinese officials

12. Tiananmen Square 1989
Protesters gathered in the square to demand change
Military arrives and between 500 to 2,000 protesters killed

13. Tiananmen Square

14. Life in China Classless society…importance of work and education
One-child-per-family policy
Education benefits
Child care
Housing
Women are independent today
Alphabet simplified to 2,000 characters from 3,000

15. Relationship with the World
Korean War: Attacked UN forces
Relationship with USSR deteriorated
Richard Nixon visits China in 1972
1997- reacquired Hong Kong from Great Britain…center of trade and manufacturing
Japan- strained relationship in past, trade today
Taiwan- economic success has caused it to desire independence (support from U.S.)
2001: China joins World Trade Organization
2002: Normalized trade relations with the United States

16. Tibet
In past, has remained independent and led by Buddhist spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama
In 1950, Chinese government invades
Many Tibetans claim abuse and genocide, denied by Chinese government
In 1959, the Dalai Lama is forced into exile in India where he remains today

17. Tibet
14 Dalai Lama
Tibetan Monks
Potala Palace

18. Beijing

19. Tianjin

20. Shanghai

21. Hong Kong