1. Thinking Geographically Introduction to AP Human Geography: It all begins…….

2. What is Human Geography anyway? I. Word coined by Eratosthenes Geo = Earth Graphia = writing Geography thus means “earth writing” II. What it is.... And what is isn’t....??? It is NOT a discipline in simply rote memorization of places, and natural features.... It is an in-depth, analytical study of “why” people, places and things are where they are, how they interact with the natural environment, AND how they interact with each other.....

3. Case Study: Big Mac Attack

4. Essential Questions: Key Issue #1: How do geographers describe where things are? Key Issue #2: Why is each point on the earth unique? Key Issue #3: Why are different places similar?

5. Five Themes of Geography Geographers use the 5 Themes of Geography to study and learn about the world. They include: Location Place Human Environment Interaction Movement Regions

6. How do geographers describe where things are? Maps: What is it? Why use it? Scale- Large vs. Small

7. How do Geographers Describe a Place? Projection Shape Size Distance Direction Most Commonly Used Projections: Mercator Robinson Advantages and Disadvantages of each

8. How do geographers describe a place? Satellite Based Imagery: GPS http://media.defenceindustrydaily. com/images/PUB_How_GPS_Wor ks_lg.jpghttp://media.defenceindustrydaily. com/images/PUB_How_GPS_Wor ks_lg.jpg Remote Sensing GIS

9. Why is each point on Earth unique? A.Place: Unique Location of a Feature 1. Toponym is the name given to a place on Earth 1. Site is the physical character of a place. Includes climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, and elevation

10. Site: Lower Manhattan Island Fig. 1-6: Site of lower Manhattan Island, New York City. There have been many changes to the area over the last 200 years.

11. Why is each point on Earth unique? 3. Situation : The location of a place relative to other places. Situation helps us find an unfamiliar place by comparing its location with a familiar one. Situation, also, helps us understand the importance of a location. What is the situation of Phoenixville?

12. Situation: Singapore Fig. 1-7: Singapore is situated at a key location for international trade.

13. Downtown Singapore

14. Why is each point on Earth unique? 4.Mathematica l location: 5. http://geographyworldonline.com/tuto rial/practice.html http://geographyworldonline.com/tuto rial/practice.html Latitude Longitude Prime Meridian Time Zones

15. World Geographic Grid Fig. 1-8: The world geographic grid consists of meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude. The prime meridian ( 0º) passes through Greenwich, England.

16. World Time Zones Fig. 1-9: The world’s 24 standard time zones each represent about 15° of longitude. They are often depicted using the Mercator projection.

17. Why is each point on Earth unique? B.Regions: Areas of Unique Characteristics 1.What is meant by cultural landscape ? 2.Types of Regions Functional Formal Vernacular

18. Formal and Functional Regions Fig. 1-11: The state of Iowa is an example of a formal region; the areas of influence of various television stations are examples of functional regions.

19. Vernacular Regions Fig. 1-12: A number of features are often used to define the South as a vernacular region, each of which identifies somewhat different boundaries.

20. Why is Each Point on Earth Unique? What is meant by spatial association? http://images.slideplayer.com/2/7 19530/slides/slide_25.jpg What is culture? How does culture contribute to spatial association?

21. Why is each point on the earth unique? Cultural Ecology: Determinism vs. Possibilism Climate Vegetation Soil Landforms

22. Why are different places similar? 1.Globalization: The Good and the Bad… 1.Economy 2.Culture

23. Distribution: Density, Concentration, & Pattern 2. Distribution of features Density is the frequency with which something occurs in space Concentration is the extent of a feature’s spread over space Pattern is the geometric arrangement of objects in space Fig. 1-18: The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may vary in an area or landscape.

24. Density and Concentration of Baseball Teams, 1952 & 2007 Fig. 1-19: The changing distribution of North American baseball teams illustrates the differences between density and concentration.

25. U.S. Baseball Teams, 1952 Fig. 1-19: Baseball teams were highly concentrated in the Northeast and Midwest in 1952.

26. U.S. Baseball Teams, 2007 Fig. 1-19: By 2007, U.S. baseball teams were much more dispersed than in 1952, and their number and density at a national level had increased.

27. Why are different places similar? Spatial Interaction: How do regions affect each other? a)Space-time compression a)Distance decay

28. Why are different places similar? a)Diffusion