1. Identify the states that supported the Union, the states that seceded, and the states whose loyalties were divided. Describe the advantages each side had in the war. Compare the different strategies used by the North and the South. Summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run. Describe the conditions soldiers in camp faced. Objectives:

2. border state – a slave state that did not secede neutral – not favoring either side martial law – a type of rule in which the military is in charge and citizens’ rights are suspended blockade – a military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it Terms and People:

3. made some corrections to test + Why did both the North and the South think they would easily win the war? Many Northerners and Southerners were confident that their side would win a quick victory. The North had a greater population and more resources. The South had a more experienced military.

4. made some corrections to test + Seven southern states seceded as Lincoln took office. Lincoln refused to recognize secession and tried desperately to save the nation. Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts.

5. made some corrections to test + For Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina. Confederate forces asked for its surrender. Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. The Civil War began. Fall of Fort Sumter http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/fort-sumter/videos/us- inches-closer-to-war?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

6. made some corrections to test + This caused North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas to secede. After the attack on Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked states to send 75,000 troops to end what he called a “rebellion.” The western counties of Virginia refused to secede. These joined the Union as the state of West Virginia. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and states north of them sent troops.

7. made some corrections to test + Western Virginia supported the Union and set up its own state government as West Virginia in 1863. The geography and economy of West Virginia was different from the rest of the state. West Virginia is mountainous and has few farms. As a result there were few slaves.

8. made some corrections to test + A key question at the start of the war was whether border states would side with the Union or the Confederacy. Both sides wanted to control the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

9. made some corrections to test + Four border states did not secede: DelawareDelaware supported the Union. KentuckyKentucky started out neutral. After it was invaded by southern troops, Kentucky supported the Union. MissouriPresident Lincoln used force to keep Missouri in the Union. MarylandLincoln placed Maryland under martial law to keep it in the Union.

10. made some corrections to test + a larger population more acres of farmland more factories more railroad tracks The North was confident that it would win the war by taking advantage of its resources. These included: The North was able to field, feed, and equip larger armies.

11. made some corrections to test + The Union had an advantage over the Confederacy in its amount of resources.

12. made some corrections to test + Northern and Southern Resources The North Population of 22 million Some 22,000 miles of railroad track More developed economy, banking system, and currency Strategy—General Winfield Scott planned to blockade southern ports and to capture Mississippi River to divide the South.

13. made some corrections to test + Northern and Southern Resources The South Strong military tradition that put many smart officers into battle. Advantages of fighting on home soil – only had to defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting. Strategy—tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy: idea that Britain would support Confederacy because it needed the South’s cotton.

14. made some corrections to test + On the other hand, the South had the advantage of land. The North would have to invade land with which they were not familiar. Also, three generals, including Robert E. Lee, had resigned from the U.S. Army to help the South. Robert E. Lee

15. made some corrections to test + The North planned a multi-part strategy to defeat the South. Blockade southern ports. Seize Richmond. Gain control of the Mississippi River and split the South in two.

16. made some corrections to test + The South had a simpler strategy. They also sought help from Britain and other European nations that relied on the South for cotton. They only needed to defend their land until the Northern armies got tired of fighting.

17. made some corrections to test + Many of these soldiers were young and inexperienced. When the Civil War began, thousands of soldiers volunteered for the Union and Confederate armies.

18. made some corrections to test + Life in an army camp was harsh. Soldiers faced boredom, disease, and even death. Camps were filthy and lacked clean water. Captured soldiers were placed in overcrowded prison camps. Outbreaks of diseases swept through the ranks. Thousands died from starvation or exposure.

19. made some corrections to test + Because many soldiers were unskilled, Union General Irvin McDowell wanted time to train his men. However, in the north, newspapers called for a quick end to the war. Union soldiers marched towards Richmond.

20. made some corrections to test + First major battle of Civil War in Virginia, in July 1861 (both sides unprepared - Union stopped to pick blackberries) Union army of 35,000 under Confederate army of 22,000 General Irvin McDowell under General Pierre G. T. Beauregard Union and Confederate forces fought for control of the war in Virginia.

21. made some corrections to test + Clashed at Bull Run Creek near Manassas (important railroad junction) Additional 10,000 Confederates arrived Confederate troops under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson held against Union advance (this is where he earned the nickname) Union and Confederate forces fought for control of the war in Virginia.

22. made some corrections to test + Confederates counterattacked Union troops retreated (shattered hopes of a quick victory) Confederates won First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the first Battle of Manassas Union and Confederate forces fought for control of the war in Virginia. Bull Run was an early sign that the war would be long and costly.