3. What is a Civil War? Civil War: A war between two groups of people in the same country. The American civil war was between the Union (the North) and the Confederacy (The South).

4. The Civil War started on April 12, 1861 when Confederate soldiers attacked Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Fort Sumter was a Union fort (the North) in Confederate territory (the South). The Confederacy fired on Fort Sumter when a Union ship tried to supply food to Union soldiers in the fort.

6. After the war began, 4 slave states seceded from the Union (the North) and joined the Confederacy (the South). Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Border States: Four slave states did not leave the Union to join the Confederacy, they were known as border states. Border States: A slave state between the North and the South that remained in the Union during the Civil War. The Border States were Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland.

7. The Union (the North) To save the Union (the United States). 1. Defeat the Confederacy (the South) in battle. 2. Reunite the nation by bringing the southern states back into the union. To end slavery in the United States. (1863) The Confederacy (the South) To remain an independent nation. 1. Defeat the Union in battle. To allow slavery to continue in their “new nation.”

8. Issue The Union (the North)The Confederacy (the South) Men to fight the war & work in factories Large population & constant supply of immigrants. Small population. Factories to supply the war effort 90% of the nation’s factories were in the north. Few factories to produce weapons and supplies. Navy & trading fleetLarge navy & trading fleetSmall navy & trading fleet. Railroads (carry supplies and soldiers) 70% of the nation’s railroads were in the North. Few railroads to transport supplies & troops. Belief in the warMixed support for the war.Strong support for the war. Military skillFew trained soldiers.A large number of trained soldiers. Knowledge of the battlefield The North had to invade the South: unknown territory. The South had to defend their territory.

10. The Union (the North) President: Abraham Lincoln Generals: Ulysses S. Grant William Tecumseh Sherman Winfield Scott President: Jefferson Davis Generals: Robert E. Lee Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson The Confederacy (the South)

24. The first major battle of the Civil War occurred in Northern Virginia: The Battle of Bull Run (July 1861) The Confederacy (the South) won the battle, giving them confidence that they could win the war.

25. The Union (the North) The Anaconda Plan – created by General Winfield Scott. 1. Blockade all southern ports. 2. Gain control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two. 3. Capture the Confederate Capitol (Richmond, Virginia) 1. To defend their “country.” 2. To continue the war long enough that the North would become tired of fighting and give up. The Confederacy (the South)

26. The first years of the war were fought in the southeast, the Mississippi River Valley, and at sea. Neither the Union (the North) or the Confederacy (the South) were able to gain enough victories to win the war. Each battle produced casualties never before witnessed in American history. Casualties: A soldier who has been killed or wounded in battle.

27. The Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862 Antietam was a one-day battle. However, it was the bloodiest day in American history. 23,000 casualties (Union & Confederacy) Union victory.

28. By the middle of 1863, neither side could win a decisive victory. However, in July 1863, two important victories were achieved by the Union (the North) which turned the tide of the war in their favor. Gettysburg Vicksburg

29. The Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battle of the Civil War. 53,000 casualties (Union & Confederate) Union Victory. On July 4 th the Confederate army withdrew from the battlefield. Most historians consider this battle the turning point of the war. Following the defeat at Gettysburg, the Confederacy could never again fight an offensive war.

30. The Siege of Vicksburg: May-July 1863 Vicksburg, Mississippi. For six weeks Union General Ulysses S. Grant carried out a siege of the city until Confederate (the South) forces surrendered on July 4, 1863. With Grant’s victory, Union (the North) forces gained complete control of the Mississippi River, and the Confederacy (the South) was split in two.

33. Born on February 12, 1809 in Hodgeville, Kentucky. Lincoln was self-educated, he did not attend a formal school. Lincoln held several jobs before becoming president of the United States. Illinois State Legislator. Successful lawyer. United States Congressman. As president, he led the nation through its greatest crisis – the American Civil War. As president, he also ended the practice of slavery by issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, and leading Congress to pass the 13 th Amendment.

34. November 19, 1863: President Abraham Lincoln visited the Gettysburg battlefield to make a speech honoring Union soldiers killed in the battle. Lincoln gave a speech that lasted only two minutes. However, the speech redefined the war for the nation. The United States had to fight the Civil War in order to preserve (defend and save) democracy. “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish (die) from the earth.” – President Abraham Lincoln.

35. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to free slaves in the Confederate states (the South). The proclamation served two goals: 1. To make people in the North understand the true purpose of the war: to end the practice of slavery in the United States. 2. To hurt the Confederate (the South) economy and war effort. As of January 1, 1863, all African Americans in the Confederate states (the South) were free.

37. The North Copperheads: Northern citizens who opposed the civil war and wanted to see it ended by a peace treaty (agreement) between the Union (the North) and the Confederacy (the South). The Confederacy (the South) also faced opposition from its population. The majority of wealthy landowners supported the war. However, many poor whites and African Americans in the South supported the Union (the North). The South

38. The war presented women with many new opportunities that had not been granted to them in the past. During the war, many women had to take care of their families, and take over managing family farms while their husbands were fighting the war. Women worked for the Union and Confederate armies; They made weapons and uniforms, and took jobs in government offices.

39. Women made many achievements in the field of nursing during the war. Dorothea Dix: Leader of Union Nurses Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell: Trained nurses for Union hospitals. Clara Barton: Volunteer nurse who created the American Red Cross Sally Tompkins: Started a hospital for wounded soldiers in the South and became a Confederate officer.

44. Women also served as spies for both armies. Harriet Tubman, the famous conductor of the Underground Railroad, served as a spy for the Union Army.

45. In 1863, President Lincoln allowed African Americans to serve in the Union Army. Over 180,000 African Americans joined the Union Army. However, many African Americans faced discrimination during their service to the Union Army. African Americans had to serve in segregated, all-African American units. African American soldiers received less pay than white soldiers. African American soldiers were given supplies and weapons that were not as good as those given to white soldiers.

47. In March of 1864, President Lincoln appointed General Ulysses S. Grant to command all Union Armies, and more importantly, to bring an end to the war. General Grant created a new strategy to bring the war to an end. 1. General Grant would defeat General Robert E. Lee’s army and capture the Confederate capital - Richmond, Virginia. 2. General William Tecumseh Sherman would march from Atlanta, Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean and defeat all Confederate armies that opposed him.

48. To complete their plan, Grant and Sherman would have to use a military strategy known as total war to defeat the South. Total War: Not only defeating the enemy in battle, but destroying all food supplies, and military and/or civilian equipment (ammunition, railroad tracks, shipping, weapons) useful to soldiers and civilians. Total War brought great suffering to the civilian population of the South. However, Grant believed it would be the only way to defeat the South.

49. In November 1864, General Sherman’s Union Army destroyed the city of Atlanta, Georgia. The majority of the city was burnt to the ground. After destroying Atlanta, General Sherman marched his army to Savannah, a city on the Atlantic coast. Sherman had completed his march to the sea. During his march to the sea, General Sherman used total war to destroy the Confederacy’s will to continue the war. His army… Tore up railroad tracks, destroyed bridges, destroyed crop supplies, destroyed barns, and killed animals (food supply).

50. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee (Confederate) met with General Ulysses S. Grant (Union) in the village of Appomattox Court House to surrender his army and end the war. Grant did not want to punish the South for the war. Instead, he treated General Lee and his soldiers as friends.

51. Grant’s terms for surrender: 1. Confederate soldiers had to give up their weapons to the Union Army. 2. Confederate soldiers could keep their horses if they owned them. 3. Confederate officers could keep their pistols, swords, and horses. 4. Grant would provide the Confederate soldiers with food.

52. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre. The war had only ended five days earlier. Lincoln’s assassination angered many citizens in the North, some felt the South was to blame for his death.

53. The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American History. 618,000 men died in the conflict. 375,000 men were wounded. The war cost the Union more than $8 billion dollars. The war cost the Confederacy more than $2 billion dollars.

54. At the end of the conflict, the South was destroyed from four years of war. The cities of Atlanta, Charleston, and Richmond were in ruins. People were without food and shelter. Many southerners lost their property (homes, farms, possessions), and their land was destroyed (farmlands). Following the conclusion of the war, the North and South needed to work towards reuniting as one country. The North also needed to help the South rebuild, while protecting the African American population that had been freed from slavery. The United States entered Reconstruction…