1. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Slide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: Channel Models for IEEE 802.15.4q Date Submitted: March 20, 2013 Source: Jinesh P Nair 1, Kiran Bynam 1, Youngsoo Kim 1 ; 1 Samsung Electronics Phone:+918041819999-464, Fax: +918041819999 E-Mail: jinesh.p@samsung.com Abstract: Preliminary document on Channel Models for IEEE 802.15.4q Purpose:Reference on channel models for fair comparison of proposals and system evaluation Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Jinesh P Nair, Kiran Bynam and Youngsoo Kim March 2013

2. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outline Objective Considerations from Application Scenarios Large Scale Fading - Path loss Models –Outdoor Path loss Models –Indoor Path loss Models Small Scale Fading –Considerations in Small Scale Fading –Power Delay Profiles References March 2013 Slide 2

3. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Objective Propose Channel Models for IEEE 802.15.4q –Path loss models –Impulse Response Purpose –Fair comparison of the proposals –System Evaluation March 2013 Slide 3

4. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Considerations from Application Scenarios NoApplicationsIndoorOutdoorLOSNLOSShadowingRange (m)Comments 1Smart UtilityYes Low< 50m 2Building Automation YesNoYes Low5 m to 50 m 3Inventory and Warehouse Management YesNoYes Low< 100 mCorridor Fading 4Medical and Healthcare Yes NoLowTyp: < 5m Max: ~ 10m 5Retail ServiceYesNoYes High5 m to 100 m Good cases of NLOS, Corridor Fading 6Telecom ServicesYes NoLow2m to 10m 7Industrial and Infrastructure Monitoring Yes Moderate to High ~ 100 mAccount losses due Industrial environment 8Environmental Monitoring NoYes Moderate~ 100 m March 2013 Slide 4

5. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Observations Range – Max Range to be supported is around 100 m – In most cases it is below 30 m Outdoor/Indoor – Both cases exist in most scenarios LOS/NLOS –LOS cases exist in all scenarios –NLOS cases most severe in Retail Service Outlets Shadowing –Low to moderate in most cases –High in cases like Retail Outlets etc. March 2013 Slide 5

6. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Path Loss Models Outdoor Path loss Models – LOS Model –NLOS Model Model for 900 MHz Model for 2.4 GHz Indoor Path loss Models Model for 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz Model for 900 MHz March 2013 Slide 6

7. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models ITU-R 1411-6 –Outdoor radio systems Smart Utility Telecom Services Industrial and Environmental monitoring –Short range Less than 1 Km –Frequency Range 300 MHz to 100 GHz Covers UHF, SHF and EHF bands March 2013 Slide 7

8. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models Propagation influenced by –Environment Urban/Sub-urban/Residential/Rural –Usage of Mobile Pedestrian/Vehicular –Relative Antenna Heights Micro-cell Dense Urban Micro-cell Pico-cell March 2013 Slide 8

9. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models 1.LoS in Street Canyons (900 MHz and 2.4 GHz) –Characterized by two slopes and a single breakpoint March 2013 Slide 9 BS Antenna Height MS Antenna Height

10. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models March 2013 Slide 10 1.LoS within Street Canyons (900 MHz and 2.4 GHz) AB Lower Bound020 Median620 Upper Bound2025 L LOS d/R bp Upper Median Lower

11. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models 1.w 1 Street Width at the position of the BS (m) 2.w 2 Street width at the position of the MS (m) 3.x 1 distance BS to street crossing (m) 4.x 2 distance MS to street crossing (m) 5.α is the corner angle (radians) NLOS cases March 2013 Slide 11

12. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models 2.NLoS in Street Canyons ( 900 MHz (800M to 2 G) ) March 2013 Slide 12 Characterized by diffraction and reflection losses Reflection Path Loss defined by L r Diffraction Path Loss defined by L d

13. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models 2.NLoS in Street Canyons ( 900 MHz (800M to 2 G) ) March 2013 Slide 13 x 1 =x 2 =5 m x 1 =x 2 =10 m x 1 =x 2 =15 m x 1 =x 2 =20 m x 1 =x 2 =25 m w 1 =w 2 =10m 45.9757.4062.5966.6170.37 w 1 =w 2 =20m 41.3153.9760.2463.8766.51 w 1 =w 2 =30m 39.4351.5158.4362.6365.43 x 1 =x 2 =5 m x 1 =x 2 =10 m x 1 =x 2 =15 m x 1 =x 2 =20 m x 1 =x 2 =25 m w 1 =w 2 =10m 45.9757.4062.5966.6170.37 w 1 =w 2 =20m 41.3153.9760.2463.8766.51 w 1 =w 2 =30m 39.4351.5158.4362.6365.43

14. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models 3. NLoS in Street Canyons ( 2.4 GHz (2 G to 16 G) ) March 2013 Slide 14

15. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Outdoor Path Loss Models March 2013 Slide 15 3. NLoS in Street Canyons ( 2.4 GHz (2 G to 16 G) )

16. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Indoor Path loss Models ITU-R P.1238-7 –Indoor radio systems All applications except environmental monitoring –Short range Less than 1 Km –Frequency Range 900 MHz to 100 GHz Covers UHF, SHF and EHF bands March 2013 Slide 16

17. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission 1. ITU-R P.1238-7 Channel Model for 2.4 GHz & 900MHz L total = 20 log10 f + N log10 d + L f (n) – 28 where: N :distance power loss coefficient; f : frequency (MHz); d : separation distance (m) between the base station and portable terminal (where d > 1 m); L f : floor penetration loss factor (dB); n : number of floors between base station and portable terminal (n  1). Indoor Path Loss Models March 2013 Slide 17

18. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Indoor Path Loss Models ParameterFrequencyResidentialOfficeCommercial N2.4 GHz2830- LfLf 2.4 GHz 10(Per concrete wall in apartment) 5 (house) 14- N900 MHz33 20 LfLf 900 MHz 9 (1 Floor) 19 (2 Floors) 24 (3 Floors) 9 (1 Floor) 19 (2 Floors) 24 (3 Floors) - Table : Values of N and L f in different scenarios 1. ITU-R P.1238-7 Channel Model for 2.4 GHz and 900MHz March 2013 Slide 18

19. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Indoor Path Loss Models ITU-R P.1238-7 Channel Model for 2.4GHz and 900 MHz –For LOS scenarios N = 20, L f (n)=0 Open Rooms in offices, factories, sports arenas, retail stores –Corridors have N = 18 Grocery stores with long aisles –Loss due to obstacles and through walls N= 40 Paths between rooms, closed office buildings –Beyond the breakpoint distance N=40 March 2013 Slide 19

20. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Indoor Path Loss Model 2. Seidel Rappaport Channel Model for 900 MHz ….contd d 0 is a reference distance c is the speed of light f c is the frequency n SF is the exponent of the same floor measurement FAF is the floor attenuation factor P is the number of Soft Partition Attenuation Factor between the Trx. and Rx. q is the number of Concrete Wall Attenuation Factor between the Trx. and Rx. March 2013 Slide 20

21. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Indoor Path Loss Model BuildingFAF (dB)  (dB) Office building 1 Through 1 floor12.97.0 Through 2 floor18.72.8 Through 3 floor24.41.7 Through 4 floor27.01.5 Office building 2 Through 1 floor16.22.9 Through 2 floor27.55.4 Through 3 floor31.67.2 Buildingn SF  (dB) All buildings All locations3.1416.3 Same floor2.7612.9 Grocery store1.815.2 Retail store2.188.7 Office building 1 Entire building3.5412.8 Same floor3.2711.2 Office building 2 Entire building4.3313.3 Same floor3.255.2 Table: Floor Attenuation Factors Table: Path Loss Exponents 2. Seidel Rappaport Channel Model for 900 MHz …. Contd. March 2013 Slide 21

22. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Small Scale Fading Specify Power Delay Profiles –Identify time after which multi-paths become significant Flat fading in good number of cases –Ricean/Rayleigh –Medical/Healthcare, Telecom Services, Building Automation, Retail Service Mobility may be pedestrian or below – Less than 5km/hr –Doppler spectrum : Classic/Flat March 2013 Slide 22

23. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Choosing Power Delay Profiles For a signal of BW 3MHz, Let us take this 3 MHz as the 75 % channel coherence bandwidth Corresponding channel delay spreads –σ τ ≈ 1/(30 ×3 ×10 6 ) ≈ 10ns Beyond this frequency selectivity becomes important Look for PDPs with significant multi-paths beyond 10 ns –Corresponding distances at which multi-paths become significant is 3m ( d =st = 3×10 8 ×10×10 -9 ) March 2013 Slide 23

24. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Small Scale Fading Channel Models Impulse Response Models based on – Delay Spread –Power Delay Profile March 2013 Slide 24

25. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Delay Spread based Models March 2013 Slide 25

26. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Delay Spread based Models March 2013 Slide 26

27. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission March 2013 Slide 27 Delay Spread based Models

28. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Delay Spread Models March 2013 Slide 28

29. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission PDP based Models March 2013 Slide 29

30. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission PDP based Models Examples : – ITU Models Indoor Office, Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian –ITU Extended Models at 2.4 GHz Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian, Typical Urban March 2013 Slide 30

31. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Power Delay Profiles ITU Models Tap Relative delay (ns) Average power (dB) Doppler spectrum 100flat 250-3flat 3110-10flat 4170-18flat 5290-26flat 6310-32flat ITU Indoor Model Tap Relative delay (ns) Average power (dB) Doppler spectrum 100classic 2110-9.7classic 3190-19.2classic 4410-22.8classic ITU Indoor to Outdoor and Pedestrian March 2013 Slide 31

32. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission ITU Extended Models for 2.4 GHz Power Delay Profiles TapRelative delay (ns)Average power (dB)Doppler spectrum 100classic 230classic 370-2classic 480-3classic 5110-8classic 6190-17.2classic 7410-20.8classic TapRelative delay (ns)Average power (dB)Doppler spectrum 10classic 250classic 3120classic 42000classic 52300classic 65000classic 71600-3classic 82300-5classic 95000-7classic Extended ITU outdoor to indoor and pedestrian Extended ITU Typical Urban March 2013 Slide 32

33. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission Summary Path loss Models – Short Range Outdoor/Indoor – LOS/NLOS –900 MHz and 2.4 GHz Small Scale Fading Models –Basic Approach to identify suitable PDPs –Few channel models are suggested March 2013 Slide 33

34. IEEE 802.15-13-0193-00-004q Submission References 1. ITU-R P.1411-6 “Propagation methods for the planning of short range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz” 02/2012 2.ITU-R P.1238-7 “Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 900 MHz to 100 GHz” 02/2012 3.Marco Hernandez et al, “Channel models for TG8” IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), Sept 2012 4.Seidel P and Rappaport T.S, “914 MHz Path Loss Prediction Models for Indoor Wireless Communications in Multi-floored Buildings” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, no. 2, Feb. 1992 5.Chunhui (Allan) Zhu, Betty Zhao, Hou-Cheng Tang “Applications of ULP Wireless Sensors” ” IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), May 2012 March 2013 Slide 34