1. Bloody Sunday & The 1905 Revolution Learning Objectives: To understand the causes of the 1905 revolution and to develop exam skills.

2. The problems continue… Watch this clip to consolidate your knowledge and see why else the Russian people were unhappy. The Land of the Tsars 18 – 10 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P- x4VcmHfxU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P- x4VcmHfxU to explain & evaluate the different groups who opposed the tsar.

3. The 1905 Revolution Causes Poor harvests of 1900 and 1902 affected peasants and food supplies 1902 Industrial slump- workers laid off/ strikes Increasing pressure from the Liberals and Middle Class. There was also the hostility and violence of the Social Revolutionary Party (SR) Russo Japanese War 1904-1905: Russia thought she would win, fought over land in Manchuria. Led to shortages.Russia defeated. Humiliated. The war disrupted food supplies, causing shortages and prices to rise in the cities… Causes How did the Russo-Japanese war add to the tension in Russia? Make your own copy of this diagram

4. Ben Walsh: p304 source 11 Complete the questions 1-3 in the green box: 1) Read Source 11 (below). Make two lists: – A) The petitioners’ complaints –B) The petitioners’ demands 2) Are these demands revolutionary demands? Explain your answer. 3) Choose two words to sum up the attitude of the petitioners to the Tsar. Lord, we workers, our children, our wives and our old, helpless parents have come, Lord, to seek truth, justice and protection from you. We are impoverished and oppressed, unbearable work is imposed on us, we are despised and not recognised as human beings. We are treated as slaves, who must bear their fate and be silent. We have suffered terrible things, but we are pressed ever deeper into the abyss of poverty, ignorance and lack of rights. We ask but little: to reduce the working day to eight hours and to provide a minimum wage of a rouble a day. Officials have taken the country into a shameful war. We working men have no say in how the taxes we pay are spent. Do not refuse to help your people. Destroy the wall between yourself and your people. From the Petition to the Tsar presented by Father Gapon, 1905.

5. You are going to see four pictures of the event which triggered the 1905 revolution. Write down what you see and what you can infer from them

9. What do you think the event was in 1905 which triggered the revolution? ‘Bloody Sunday’ – 22 January 1905 a priest, Father Gapon, led 200,000 people to march on the Winter Palace to deliver a petition to the tsar. They were met by troops who opened fire on the crowd. The number dead varies from 100 (official estimates) to thousands. What questions do you still have about this event? Painted in 1910 From a film made in the 1920s

10. SOURCE A (handout)

11. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe Bloody Sunday Look at your copy of the picture Draw circles or arrows around at least 2 things you notice What do they show and what can you infer from these? Can you explain the features you have circled or give some background to explain what was happening at the time. Ben Walsh Textbook page 304

12. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe Bloody Sunday ( 3 marks) Level 1- 1 mark -generalised answer which perhaps only uses the source or makes very simple comments about it. Level 2- 2 marks - better use of source eg inference or uses some OK to describe - 3 marks - able to provide more detailed knowledge, refers to the source by using OK to help put the source into context

13. Lesson 2(1905 Revolution)

14. Use source A and your own knowledge to describe Bloody Sunday ( 3 marks) Level 1- 1 mark -generalised answer which perhaps only uses the source or makes very simple comments about it. Level 2- 2 marks - better use of source eg inference or uses some OK to describe - 3 marks - able to provide more detailed knowledge, refers to the source by using OK to help put the source into context

15. The 1905 Revolution Learning Objectives: 1)To understand the events of the 1905 revolution 2) To understand the significance of the October Manifesto

16. The Impact of Bloody Sunday 1905 was clearly a very difficult year and the Tsar’s reaction to Bloody Sunday triggered another wave of unrest. Consequently the events of the year are known as the 1905 Revolution. 6-8 Minutes Strikes and Industrial unrest Mutinies Establishment of St Petersburg Soviet Use p 68 of WJEC to make notes on the events of the 1905 revolution (PAY ATTENTION TO DATES!)

17. Nicholas II was persuaded by his chief minister Sergei Witte that only way to end crisis was to grant concessions What do you think the people expected and wanted from the Tsar? The October Manifesto

18. 30 th October Nicholas issued the October Manifesto which introduced some political rights and set up an elected Duma or Parliament. The October Manifesto

19. An elected Duma (Parliament) All Russian men to have the vote All laws to be approved by Duma Civil rights such as free speech and freedom of association The right to form political parties Freedom of press Terms of the Manifesto

20. 1) The Tsar regained the support of the middle class 2) It gave people a sense of progress and hope for western style democracy 3) Gave the Tsar time to take further action against the working class of Russia Why do you think the Manifesto was important?

21. November- announced end of Redemption payments -(these were payments that the peasants had to make for land they or their families had received after the end of serfdom many years before) Troops returned from Russo-Japanese war and he was able to use them to shut down the St Petersburg Soviet and arrest leaders and opposition The Dumas ultimately had little power as the Tsar was able to close them down when he wanted to Other actions that saved the Tsar

22. Questions about the October Manifesto How did the Tsar try to please the peasants? Did the Tsar really want change? Explain your answer fully. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

23. Points to remember about the 1905 Revolution The Revolution had not been an organised attempt to overthrow the tsar. It was a series of unconnected and scattered outbursts of violence and protest amongst industrial workers and peasants. In January 1905 most of the main revolutionary leaders, such as Lenin, were not even in the country. Most of the army remained loyal so that riots could be crushed.

24. 1. Copy this diagram. 2. Use your class notes, WJEC page 69, and the Ben Walsh textbook page 305 to fill in this diagram. On the left hand side list the different steps the tsar took to crush the revolution in 1905 & explain how each step helped him. The following will be added on next lesson: 3. On the right-hand side, list the longer term measure the tsar took to keep control after the revolution & explain how each measure helped him. Extension: ‘The tsar survived the 1905 revolution more because his opponents were ineffective than because he acted effectively himself.’ - Try and find evidence/examples to support and disagree with this view.

25. 1. Copy this diagram. 2. Use your class notes and the textbook to fill in this diagram. On the left hand side list the different steps the tsar took to crush the revolution in 1905 & explain how each step helped him. 3. On the right-hand side, list the longer term measure the tsar took to keep control after the revolution & explain how each measure helped him. Extension: ‘The tsar survived the 1905 revolution more because his opponents were ineffective than because he acted effectively himself.’ - Try and find evidence/examples to support and disagree with this view. Concessions to the Liberals – October Manifesto; Duma -> regained support of the MC. Ended redemption payments for peasants Used troops to shut down St Petersburg Soviet and arrested its leaders; Crushed Moscow Soviet

26. 1. Copy this diagram. 2. Use your class notes and the textbook to fill in this diagram. On the left hand side list the different steps the tsar took to crush the revolution in 1905 & explain how each step helped him. 3. On the right-hand side, list the longer term measure the tsar took to keep control after the revolution & explain how each measure helped him. Extension: ‘The tsar survived the 1905 revolution more because his opponents were ineffective than because he acted effectively himself.’ - Try and find evidence/examples to support and disagree with this view. Concessions to the Liberals – October Manifesto; Duma -> regained support of the MC. Ended redemption payments for peasants Used troops to shut down St Petersburg Soviet and arrested its leaders; Crushed Moscow Soviet Fundamental Laws – restored autocratic powers Send troops to dissolve first Duma after 75 days Tsar changes the voting system so the richest 1% elected 2/3 of representatives. Stolypin’s repression and reforms

27. Lesson 1 (Stolypin)

28. The Impact of the 1905 Revolution To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar. To understand the policies of Peter Stolypin Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

29. Recap: The October Manifesto… Why was the October Manifesto introduced? What were the terms of the October Manifesto? How did the Tsar try to please the peasants? Did the Tsar really want change? Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

30. Repression The Tsar appointed Peter Stolypin his new chief minister. He sought to punish those responsible for the 1905 revolution: in 1906 over 1000 people were executed and 21,000 sent to prison camps in Siberia. 1907-11 a further 1800 were hanged. The noose became known as ‘Stolypin’s necktie ’. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

31. The Fundamental Laws of 1906 “The tsar possesses the intiative in all legislative matters. No law can come into force without his approval.” What does this law mean? Stolypin also changed the voting laws, stopping workers and peasants from voting. This produced a Duma mainly made up of people who supported the tsar. It lasted from 1907-12. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

32. A cartoon from a Russian magazine in 1906, showing a politician who represents the Duma, flanked by representatives of the tsar. What is the message of the cartoon? Is it a fair portrayal of the Duma? Use the source and WJEC(page 69-70) to support your answer. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

33. 1. Copy this diagram. 2. Use your class notes and the textbook to fill in this diagram. On the left hand side list the different steps the tsar took to crush the revolution in 1905 & explain how each step helped him. Think of information that you can now use to fill in the right-hand column 3. On the right-hand side, list the longer term measure the tsar took to keep control after the revolution & explain how each measure helped him.

34. 1. Copy this diagram. 2. Use your class notes and the textbook to fill in this diagram. On the left hand side list the different steps the tsar took to crush the revolution in 1905 & explain how each step helped him. 3. On the right-hand side, list the longer term measure the tsar took to keep control after the revolution & explain how each measure helped him. Extension: ‘The tsar survived the 1905 revolution more because his opponents were ineffective than because he acted effectively himself.’ - Try and find evidence/examples to support and disagree with this view. Concessions to the Liberals – October Manifesto; Duma -> regained support of the MC. Ended redemption payments for peasants Used troops to shut down St Petersburg Soviet and arrested its leaders; Crushed Moscow Soviet Fundamental Laws – restored autocratic powers Send troops to dissolve first Duma after 75 days Tsar changes the voting system so the richest 1% elected 2/3 of representatives. Stolypin’s repression and reforms

35. How successful was the October Manifesto in changing the political situation in Russia? (8) 20 Minutes! Consider was it very successful, had some success or was a failure. Was it successful in the short term but not in the long term? Analyse and evaluate the reasons for its importance/success. Support your answer with facts. Remember to provide a judgement in both your opening and closing statements. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

36. Stolypin’s Agricultural reforms Stolypin realised two things; 1.It would be wise to keep the peasants on side. 2.For Russia to become a modern industrialised nation farming would have to become more efficient to enable the growing workforce to be fed. So he allowed peasants to leave the mir, like the old open field system, hoping this would encourage peasants to create efficient modern farms. He thought the richer peasant farmers, the kulaks, would then invest in consumer goods and support the tsar. Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

37. PolicyWhat it didDid it work? Agricultural Reforms Improve the social conditions of the people Improve the armed services Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar. Stolypin’s policies of reform Create and fill in the chart using page 70-71 WJEC (10 minutes)

38. How successful were the policies of Peter Stolypin between 1906 and 1914? (8 mark question)

39. The Concept of Success Possible areas to consider… Success for who?

40. The Concept of Success Possible areas to consider… Success for who? Does success depend on what the original aim was?

41. The Concept of Success Possible areas to consider… Success for who? Does success depend on what the original aim was? Are some aims more important than others and how does this relate to success?

42. The Concept of Success Possible areas to consider… Success for who? Does success depend on what the original aim was? Are some aims more important than others and how does this relate to success? Can something be partially successful?

43. The Concept of Success Possible areas to consider… Success for who? Does success depend on what the original aim was? Are some aims more important than others and how does this relate to success? Can something be partially successful? It is important that you consider a balanced answer before reaching a judgement of your own

44. Markscheme Level 1- Generalised answer, lack of focus on the question Level 2- very descriptive answer but some brief discussion of the idea or concept of success

45. Level 3- answer focuses more on the concept of success and is able to provide some detail in explanation Level 4- a detailed analysis of the concept of success with depth in explanation and examples. Also provides a reasoned evaluation of the extent of success. Markscheme

46. Summary: How successful do you think the measures that the tsar put in place to control Russia were after the 1905 revolution? What problems still remain in Russia after 1905? VERY SUCCESSFULNOT SUCCESSFUL Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

47. What do you think was the greatest strength, and what the greatest weakness, of the Russian monarchy before 1914? Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.

48. Russian Politics Supporters of the Tsar: the 'Rights' (called by Lenin 'the Black Hundreds') - deputies who so supported the Tsar that they wanted to abolish the Duma and restore autocracy. the 'Octobrists' - during the troubles of 1905, the Tsar and his chief minister Witte had published the October Manifesto, which promised freedom of speech, no imprisonment without trial, and a Duma to approve all laws. The Octobrists were supporters of the Tsar who did not want to go so far as to restore autocracy, but wanted him to keep to the October manifesto. The Tsar’s opponents: The Kadets - middle classes and liberal landowners who wanted Russia to have a Parliament like England. Social Revolutionaries (wanted a peasant revolution, and to take all the land from the nobles). The Communists (followers of Karl Marx), who were divided into the moderate Mensheviks (wanted Communism without a revolution) and the extremist Bolsheviks (wanted a violent proletarian revolution). After 1900, there were many assassinations and protests (eg Bloody Sunday, 1905 and the murder of Prime Minister Stolypin in 1911). Objective: To extend our understanding of the impact of the 1905 Revolution and to evaluate the measures taken by the Tsar.