1. HISTORY PRESENTATION

3. Human evolution: refers to the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, linguistics, embryology and genetics. INTRODUCTION

4. The most significant of these adaptations are 1. bipedalism (1.9 million years ago), 2. increased brain size, 3. lengthened ontogeny (gestation and infancy), 4. decreased sexual dimorphism.

5. The precursors of the modern human being 1 Humans appeared late in Earth’s history The earliest ancestors of humans (hominids) diverged from apes about 8 million years ago. First Europeans: approx. 780,000 years ago

6. “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age  “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE  2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans  hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)  NOMADIC (moving from place to place) Made tools  Made tools

7. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.  Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. Australopithecines  Australopithecines An Opposable Thumb  An Opposable Thumb

8.  HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) found in East Africa.  found in East Africa. created stone tools.  created stone tools. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE

9. Humans during this period found shelter in caves.  Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind.  Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??Purpose??

10. 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )  HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology  Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.  First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )  First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) BIPEDALISM  BIPEDALISM

11. Homo ergaster

13. Homo floresiensis vs Homo Heidelbergensis

14. 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

15. The first skull The skull of Neanderthal man Neander valley, German(1856 Made clothes from animal skins Live in caves and tents. NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS

16. Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

17. CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )  Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” ) By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.  By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.

18. “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age  “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE  10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual shift from:  Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

19. 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE  8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.  Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. SLASH-AND-BURN Farming  SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

20. Modern humans arose about 200,000 years ago. Homo sapiens fossils date to 200,000 years ago. Human evolution is influenced by a tool-based culture. There is a trend toward increased brain size in hominids. Australopithecus afarensis Homo habilisHomo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens

21. Human vs. Chimp chimps 280 - 400 cc modern man 1000 - 2000 cc Brain Size

26. Civilization Africa (Egypt, Kush & Sudan) America Greece Rome Byzantine

27. Performance Task 1.3 Government Religion Social stratification Rise/Downfall Contributions

28. The group must creatively present their civilization through different varied activity They must create powerpoint presentation & must have the following details on it Performance Task 1.3 Government Religion Social stratification Rise/Downfall Contributions