1. Monday, July 27 th Welcome Back!!!! Unit Sheets Check Binders- While doing Activity Looking at Columbus Lies my Teacher told me

2. First Encounters: Exploration

3. Review Name three tribes from Arizona. What did the Arizona tribes farm? How was their life different than other Native Americans in America?

4. Why Columbus matters Columbus matters because after him came millions of other Europeans who brought their art, music, science, medicine, philosophy and religious principles to America DESPITE him killing millions of people…

5. Who were REALLY the first Americans?

6. The Vikings  9 th and 10 th Centuries, Vikings had discovered and colonized Greenland and Iceland.  Greenland was the stepping stone to the upper most part of North America.  1000 A.D. they founded a town named Newfoundland.  They eventually abandoned it because of resistance from Native Americans.

7. Spain Looks to the West  They wanted to explore the open Atlantic Ocean  They admired the exploration, exploitation and discovery of the Canary Islands by the Portuguese.  They hoped other islands existed in the Atlantic that could make Spain wealthy.  They hoped to reach China a different way.  They DID NOT believe the world was flat. They worried China was too far away and their ships could not complete the voyage West over the vast Atlantic.

8. The Voyages of Chris Columbus He was Italian and his occupation was a mariner. He wanted to go to China to find a way to revive the Christian struggle against Islam. ◦By converting the Chinese to Christianity, he would then count on them and their money to assist the Europeans in a new Crusade. He underestimated the size of the Earth. ◦He thought it was only 18,000 miles around when actually it is 25,000 miles.

10. Columbus Sets Sail  1492, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand provided 3 ships, 90 men and money so Columbus could search for an ulterior route to China.  33 days after he set sail he reached land.  What is now the Bahamas  Next he went South and thought he landed in the East Indies.  This is how the term “Indian” came about in North America.  He claimed the land for Spain which was a Christian nation.  He felt this gave him the right and duty to dominate the people he found. http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/columbus.html

11. Lies My Teacher Told Me by James. W Lowen excerpt

12. Tuesday, July 28 th Open House on Thursday! Lies my teacher told me…lets go over a few! Looking further into Columbus…teams!

13. Reaction to Columbus’s Voyage  He continued to explore the Caribbean islands.  He established a settlement called Hispaniola.  In early 1493, he set sail back home and left some of his crew behind.  His intentions were to make money by shipping gold, sugar, and Indian slaves to Spain.  He returned later that year to colonize.  What he found was that the Natives had killed the crew he left behind.  Columbus sought vengeance by killing and capturing hundreds of Indians on Hispaniola and nearby islands  News of what Columbus had done angered colonists back in Europe. They persuaded the King and Queen to demand he come back.  He returned in 1500 and died 6 years later.

14. What happened to looking for China?  Columbus did not reach Asia but they were excited for finding a new area to colonize and spread their faith.  This new land allowed Europe to grow more powerful and wealthy than the Muslim world.  During the next 3 centuries, the mineral and plantation wealth of the Americas would help finance the expansion of Europe’s commerce.  That commerce would provide the development of new technologies and a strong military.

15. Spain and Portugal Divide America  Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)  The Pope aided the treaty process acting as a mediator  Split the new world between the two  The Portuguese still had control of the African coasts and the Indian Ocean  In return, the Spanish claimed Columbus’s western lands  Who asked the Native Americans if their land could be divided?  The Pope considered them to be pagan savages without any rights.  Other European kings refused to uphold the treaty  They wanted a shot at exploration too!

16. Why is America “America”?  Amerigo Vespucci (Italy)  1501, explored more of South America and found it to be a new continent  European mapmakers began to call the new continent by Vespucci’s first name, eventually becoming America.

17. How could they conquer?  Superior weapons- steel- edged swords, crossbows (more advanced than the Natives)  Guns  Horses were intimidating and effective.  Disease

18. The Devastation of Disease Hispaniola= 300,000 in 1492/ 500 in 1548 The Spanish also forced the Tainos to work in mines and on plantations. ◦They were overworked and underfed leaving their bodies vulnerable to getting sick. Smallpox, typhus, diphtheria, bubonic plague, cholera Some villages disappeared entirely Spanish were mad because they needed able-bodied Indians be their labor force. ◦Who was going to replace them?

20. Population Shifts  Columbian Exchange caused large population shifts around the world.  Bigger harvest by new American crops fueled European population growth.  80 million in 1492 to 180 million by 1800.  Native American population dropped  7% in 1492 to less than 1% in 1800. American colonizers brought African slaves with them.  Four continents were deeply integrated: Europe, Africa, South America, and North America  Is there currently a global exchange among continents? If yes, then how many continents and what is being exchanged?

21. Pro/Con Columbus articles & Chart

22. Happy Block Day! Columbus Debate today Get into your two groups ◦I will give you time to formulate your best arguments ◦Debate- everyone must talk! ◦I will have a sheet and will be checking you off