1. Land Use Patterns

3. This is the Burgess Model. Why do you think it has been designed like this?

4. This is the Hoyt Model. Why has it been designed like this?

5. Mann’s Urban Model (UK)

6. Urban Land-Use Models 1)Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model (1924) 2)Hoyt Sector Model (1939) 3)Mann’s Model (1965) What are the limitations / assumptions with these models?

7. Harris & Ullman’s Model

8. Your Task: For each land use model: Draw the land use model Give the date it was developed Give the urban area it is based on Explain the main ideas behind the land use zones

9. Urban land use is arranged into zones The Central Business District The inner city Inner suburbs Outer suburbs Industrial areas Commuter zone

10. What is the CBD? The city centre or core of the city Contains: Main shops Offices Places of entertainment Banks Authority offices

11. Characteristics Land price is expensive – rent is high Easily accessible Shortage of space Multistory buildings Indoor shopping areas – controlled temperature, secure and clean Low residential population High pedestrian numbers during day Restricted traffic and expensive parking

12. What is the inner city? Area of mixed land use on edge of CBD Contains: Small industry e.g. car repair Large houses converted into flats/offices Small rented rooms

13. Characteristics Often decaying Crime rates are fairly high Problems including: poverty, poor housing, health, educational attainment, noise, air pollution Local groups often in place to improve these areas Sometimes evidence of ‘gentrification’….

14. What are the inner suburbs? Housing built 80-100 years ago Contains Terraced housing originally built for factory workers Back yards rather than back gardens Some factory/warehouse conversions

15. Characteristics Streets are lined with cars 3/4 houses removed to create parking area Areas of redevelopment

16. What are the outer suburbs? Semi-detatched houses built 1930 – 1940 as buses and trains allowed people to travel further to work Contains Council estates Private housing Small parade of local shops Parking space Front and back gardens Out of town shopping centers on outskirts

17. Characteristics Many families have cars Point to note Out of town shopping areas damage trade in town centers and will not get permission so easily in the future

18. What is the industrial area? Traditionally built in the centre of town, now more likely to be built in outer suburbs Centre of town Located close to railway lines for transport Small sites Traffic congestion Where industry closed government schemes encourage reuse of these BROWNFIELD sites

19. Out of town More modern Close to ring roads Workers live in outer suburbs

20. What is the commuter zone? Small towns and villages beyond the green belt surrounding urban areas Contains Desirable housing at high prices for those who can afford the daily commute

21. Which zone?