1. SOL Review World History I

2. Humans emerged from what continent? Africa 1

3. Humans emerged from Africa how many years ago?

4. What did Early human’s survival depend upon? Availability of wild plants and animals

5. What does Neolithic stand for? New Stone Age

6. Scientist who study past cultures by located and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts are call? Archaeologists

7. Scientist can use tests to date and analyze fossils and artifacts. What is this called? Carbon Dating

8. What did Neolithic Era societies do? Developed agriculture, domesticated animals, used advanced tools, made pottery, developed weaving skills

9. What was the Neolithic Agriculture Revolution? People stopped hunting and gathering and started planting food

10. What is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic Age and Completed during the Bronze Age? Stonehenge

11. What does Paleolithic Era stand for? Old Stone Age

12. What are characteristics of hunter- gather societies? nomadic, invented tools and simple weapons, learned how to make fire, lived in clans, developed oral language, created Cave-art

13. What did early civilizations start around/near? Rivers

14. What do rivers give to civilizations? Water and rich fertile soil for crops

15. What are river valleys also called? Cradles of Civilization

16. What type of religion did most early civilizations practice Polytheism

17. The belief in many gods is called polytheism

18. What River is the Egyptian Civilization centered around? Nile River

19. What River is the Mesopotamian Civilization centered around? Tigris and Euphrates River

20. What is the land between two Rivers called? Mesopotamia / Fertile Crescent

22. What River is the Chinese Civilization centered around? Huang - He River / Yellow River

23. People who specialize in a certain craft are called? Artisans

24. Which was the first group of people to practice Monotheism? Hebrews

25. What is Monotheism? Belief in One God

26. Who is the founder of Judaism? Abraham

27. Who led the Hebrew people out of slavery in Egypt? Moses

28. What city is important to the Jews? Jerusalem

29. Where are the written records and beliefs of the Hebrews Recorded? Torah

30. What is the moral and religious conduct for the Jews? 10 Commandments

31. Who wrote in Hieroglyphics? Egyptians

32. Who wrote in cuneiform? Sumerians

33. Who wrote in Sanskrit? Indo-Aryans

34. Who created the alphabet? Phoenicians

35. Which group was tolerant of those they conquered, build roads, and had Zoroastrianism and an imperial bureaucracy? Persians

36. What two Mountains made the invasion of India difficult? Himalayas and the Hindu Kush

37. How did Indo-Aryans enter into India? Through the Khyber Pass

38. What two Rivers were important in India? Indus River and the Ganges River

39. What rigid class system did the Indo- Aryans set up? Caste System

40. What Empire in India contributed mathematics, new textiles, and literature? They ruled during the Golden Age of India. Gupta Empire

41. What is the cycle of rebirth? Reincarnation

43. Future reincarnation based on present behavior is called? Karma

44. In Hinduism the duty in one’s life is called? Dharma

45. What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? Vedas and the Upanishads

46. Which religion had many forms of one major deity? Hinduism

47. How do you get to Nirvana in Hinduism? Follow your Dharma, have good Karma, move up in the Caste System, and ultimately understand the Maya (illusion of the world).

48. Who is the founder of Buddhism? Siddhartha Gautama

49. How do you achieve Nirvana in Buddhism? Follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eight Fold Path

50. Who sends out missionaries to spread Buddhism to China and other parts of Asia? Asoka

51. What from Hinduism is not associated with Buddhism? The Caste System

52. Why was the Great Wall of China built? To keep out invaders from the North. Isolate China

53. Who built the Great Wall of China? Qin Shi Huangdi

54. A line of rulers all in the same family is called what? Dynasty

55. How Chinese rulers did believed they received the right to rule? Mandate of Heaven

56. What trade route connected China to the Mediterranean Sea? The Silk Road

57. What products did China contribute to the world? paper, porcelain, and silk

58. What system of obtaining jobs did the Chinese create? The Civil Service System

59. What is a Civil Service System? Taking tests to get a job. People working for the government and having to qualify.

60. Belief that humans are good, respect for elders, code of politeness, emphasis on education, and ancestor worship are from what Chinese philosophy? Confucianism

61. Who created the Chinese philosophy of Confucianism? Confucius

62. Humility, simple life and inner peace, and harmony with nature are characteristics or what Chinese philosophy? Taoism/ Daoism

64. Who created Daoism? Laozi

65. What is the symbol in China that represents the opposite forces in Confucianism and Taoism? Yin and Yang

66. Which religion spread to China, Korea, and Japan? Buddhism

67. Which philosophy was known for strictness and harsh punishments? Legalism

68. Classical Greece was centered on which water body? Aegean Sea

69. What peninsula is Greece on? Balkan Peninsula

70. What are the two most important city states in Greece? Sparta and Athens

71. Who did Athens and Sparta team up to defeat? Persians

72. What city did the Greeks try to defeat during the Trojan war? Troy

73. Where is Troy located? Asia Minor

74. What physical feature helped create separate city states in Greece? Mountains

75. Why did the Greeks have to create colonies to grow food? Greece had rocky infertile soil and Greece was overpopulated

76. What religion did the ancient Greeks have? Polytheism based on Mythology

77. Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, and Aphrodite are gods and goddesses from which civilization? Greece

78. What is the Greek word for city-state? Polis

79. Who were citizens in Athens? Adult males who were free and born in Athens

80. Who did not have rights in Athens? Women, foreigners, and slaves

81. What are the stages of Government in Athens? Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy

82. What two tyrants worked for reform in Athens? Draco and Solon

83. Draconian laws are named after whom? Draco for being mean laws

85. All citizens could participate in Athenian government. What type of government is this? Direct Democracy

86. What type of government did Sparta have? Oligarchy

87. A government ruled by the few is? Oligarchy

88. Which city-state was known for is militaristic and aggressive society? Sparta

89. What was the importance of the Persian Wars? Sparta and Athens team up to defeat the Persians

90. Who was the Persian Wars between? Sparta + Athens vs. Persians

91. Name two important battles during the Persian Wars? Marathon and Salamis

92. Who won the Persian Wars? The Greeks

93. During the Peloponnesian War, what were the Greeks fighting over? competition for control of the Greek world

94. What league did the Athenians create? Dalian League

95. What league did the Spartans create? Peloponnesian League

96. Who was fighting during the Peloponnesian War? Sparta vs. Athens

97. Who won the Peloponnesian War? Sparta

98. Who was the great leader of Athens? Pericles

99. How did Pericles die? From the plague in Athens

100. How did the Spartans win the Peloponnesian war? Cut off the supply line to the city of Athens

101. What did Pericles do after the war? Rebuilt the city

102. What did Pericles spend Dalian League money to create? The Parthenon

103. Where is the Parthenon? On the Acropolis in Athens

104. What is the Parthenon? Temple to Athena

106. In Greek culture what are Aeschylus and Sophocles known for? Drama

107. In Greek culture what is Homer known for? Poetry

108. In Greek culture what are Herodotus and Thucydides known for? History

109. In Greek culture what are Archimedes and Hippocrates known for? Science

110. In Greek culture what are Euclid and Pythagoras known for? Mathematics

111. In Greek culture what are Socrates, Plato Aristotle known for? Philosophy

112. What are the three types of Greek columns? Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian

113. Who conquered much of Greece after being capture and held hostage for many years in Greece? Philip II of Macedon

114. Who is Philip II of Macedon's son? Alexander the Great

115. What is Hellenistic Culture? Combination of Greek and Asian Culture

116. Where is Rome located? Italian Peninsula

117. What was Roman Mythology based on? Greek religion

118. What three things did Roman Mythology help to explain? Natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events

119. Juno, Jupiter, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, and Venus are gods from which civilization? Roman

120. What were the three social classes in Ancient Rome? Patricians, Plebeians, and Slaves

121. What was the name given to the powerful nobles in Rome? Patricians

122. What was the name given to the majority of the population in Rome? Plebeians

123. Who could be a citizen in Rome? Patricians, Plebeians, and selected foreigners

125. Name the three branches of government in the Roman Republic. Assembly, Senate, Magistrates

126. Roman Law was codified and placed in the Forum for all to see. The codified Roman laws were called the... Twelve Tables

127. Rome and Carthage were in competition for trade in the Mediterranean Basin. What are the wars called between Rome and Carthage? The Punic Wars

128. What was the name of the famous general from Carthage that attacked the Italian Peninsula with Elephants? Hannibal

129. What was the outcome of the Punic Wars? Rome was victorious. Carthage was utterly destroyed.

130. What were the causes for the decline of the Roman Republic? Migration of farmers to cities, unemployment, Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar, devaluation of Roman currency

131. Who was in the first Triumvirate? Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

132. After Julius Caesar took control of Rome as Dictator for Life he died shortly after, how? assassinated by members of the Senate

133. Who was the first emperor of Rome? Augustus Caesar

134. Who did Augustus Caesar have a civil war against in order to seize power over Rome? Marc Anthony

135. What was the 200 years of peace and prosperity for Rome called? Pax Romana

136. What was the social impact of the Pax Romana? returned stability to social classes and increased emphasis on family

138. What was the economic impact of the Pax Romana? Established uniform system of money, expanded trade, guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads, and promoted prosperity and stability

139. What was the political impact of the Pax Romana? created civil service and developed a uniform rule of law

140. Christianity has its roots in what religion? Judaism

141. Who was the originator and leader of Christianity? Jesus of Nazareth

142. What type of religion is Christianity? monotheistic

143. How was Christianity spread? The Apostles, including Paul, spread Christianity throughout Rome.

144. Which emperor legalized Christianity in Rome? Constantine

145. Where was the capital of Rome relocated to? Constantinople

146. Why was Rome's capital relocated to Constantinople? Protection of the eastern frontier, removed from Germanic tribe invasions, crossroads of trade, Easily fortified and defendable site on a peninsula with a natural harbor.

147. After the fall of Western Rome, what was the Eastern Empire called? Byzantine Empire

148. What knowledge was saved and preserved by the Byzantine Empire? Greco-Roman culture

149. What was Emperor Justinian responsible for? Codification of Roman Law (Justinian's Code), Recon quest of former Roman lands, and Expansion of trade

150. What is the name of the large domed church built by Justinian? Hagia Sophia

151. What caused the division of the Christian Church? Disagreement over the authority of the Pope. Also the Iconoclastic controversy.