1. Beginnings of Civilization Origins of Humans to 600 BCE

2. Beginnings of Civilization O This era is characterized by the growth and advancement of civilizations that include organized government, divisions of labor, writing systems, complex religions, economic systems, and art and architecture that was found in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe.

3. Power Terms O prehistory O civilization O turning point O traditional economy O Judeo-Christian O ancient O diffusion O archaeology O Neolithic Revolution O human geographic factors O monarchy O Hammurabi’s Code O Judaism O eras O artifacts O domesticate O physical geographic factors O theocracy O Jewish Ten Commandments O monotheism

4. The Big Ideas O The development of Mesopotamia reflects a pattern that has occurred repeatedly throughout history. O Many of the monuments built by the Egyptians still stand as a testament to their ancient civilization. O The culture of India today has its roots in its ancient civilization. O The culture that took root during ancient times still influences Chinese way of life today.

5. What is a Civilization? O Characteristics of a Civilization O ___________________ such as a system of government and/or a religious system. O A regular food ________________ that is not likely to suddenly change. O ____________________, in which members of the society perform different jobs. O ____________________, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. O A highly developed ________________ including art, architecture, music, literature, writing, and advanced technologies.

6. Discussion O How does the image above demonstrate the features of a civilization? O What feature(s) of a civilization do you think most impacted the daily lives of average people in society?

7. The Neolithic Revolution O What caused the Neolithic Revolution? (WH1A) O What role did economics play in driving political changes during the Neolithic Revolution? (WH17B) O How did the Neolithic Revolution lead to rise of river valley civilizations? (WH2A)

8. Discussion: What changes occurred as a result of the Neolithic Revolution? Use this image to identify the characteristics of the Paleolithic Era. Use this image to identify the characteristics of the Neolithic Era

9. Early Culture Hearths Map O Directions: Use the map to complete the following tasks: O Draw and label the Nile, Indus, Tigris and Euphrates, and Huang He Rivers O Shade and label the regions where the various civilizations settled (see chart on pg. 5) O Draw early migratory patterns relating to the “Out of Africa” Theory and Beringia

10. Early Culture Hearths Map

11. Early Culture Hearths Chart Region/ Location Characteristics (What was life like?) Civilization Contributions (technological advancements and cultural achievements) Mesopotamia Sumerians Assyrians Babylonians Egypt Egyptian India Harappans Aryans China Shang Zhou

12. Early Culture Hearths Chart Region/ Location Characteristics (What was life like?) Civilization Contributions (technological advancements and cultural achievements) Palestine Hebrews Phoenicians Americas Mesoamerica Andean South American

13. Early Migrations O No historical record exists that tracks the migratory patterns of the earliest humans. Scientists piece together the story of human migration by examining the tools, art and burial sites they left behind and by tracing genetic patterns. Describe each of the migrations below.

14. Judaism

15. Why Does This Matter Now?

16. Practice Questions 1. WH1A: The real change in the Neolithic Revolution was the A. movement away from eating just fruits and grains to eating meats. B. decline in the population along river valleys. C. shift from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture. D. discovery of new caves as settlements.

17. Practice Questions 2. WH16B: Why is geography important to history? A. It shows us the connection between people, places, and events. B. It helps us predict the future. C. It tells us when events took place. D. It uncovers artifacts left by early people.

18. Practice Questions 3. WH2B: Which characteristic best completes the chart? A. monotheistic religious beliefs B. warfare between societies C. specialized occupations D. single written legal code

19. Practice Questions 4. WH27A: The ancient Sumerian modified their environment to increase food production by – A. building terraces B. removing rainforests C. digging irrigation canals D. developing chimapas

20. Practice Questions 5. WH1A: Which Neolithic Revolution development led to the other three A. central governments B. surplus of food C. specialization of labor D. domestication of plants and animals

21. Practice Questions 6. WH19A: The images on the left indicates that Egypt operated under – A. a democracy B. a theocracy C. an oligarchy D. monotheism

22. Practice Questions 7. WH20A: Hammurabi's Code established laws that were unique in their – A. mercy. B. application to all groups. C. survival through the centuries. D. equal treatment of all citizens.

23. Practice Questions 7. WH20A: Hammurabi's Code established laws that were unique in their – A. mercy. B. application to all groups. C. survival through the centuries. D. equal treatment of all citizens.

24. Practice Questions 8. WH2A: Which factor influenced the development of ancient civilizations along river valleys? A. dry climate B. fertile soil C. oil-rich tundra D. dense rain forests