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Friday March 18, 2016 Agenda (10) Catalyst (10) GN: Mutations (20) Snork DNA (45) GATTACA I can: explain how mutations affect protein synthesis Catalyst 1.What is an inheritance? What do you think the term “genetic inheritance” means/ 2.How does this differ from a mutation? 3.What is the polypeptide made from the DNA sequence TACCAAGTA? HW: Spring Break Packet; HeLa readings
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Catalyst
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Agenda Notes – Co-Dominance – Whiteboards Independent Practice Exit Ticket
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Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes. complete dominance incomplete dominance co- dominance multiple alleles sex-linked
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Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes.
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Co-dominance is a pattern of inheritance in which both dominant alleles contribute to the phenotype. The heterozygous phenotype shows both traits. B = black W = white BWBB whiteblack erminette (black AND white) When there are two dominant alleles in one genotype, both are expressed. WW
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red cow + white cow = roan cow (red and white)
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B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits co- dominance. BB ? black
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B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits incomplete dominance. WW ? white
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B = black W = white Coat color in mice exhibits incomplete dominance. BW ? checkered (black and white)
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R = red B = blue RR ? red Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.
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R = red B = blue BB ? blue Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.
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R = red B = blue RB ? red and blue Flowers exhibit co-dominance for petal color.
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R = red W = white RR ? red Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.
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R = red W = white WW ? white Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.
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R = red W = white RW ? roan Cow coat color follows a pattern of co-dominance.
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The two alleles for fish scale color, red and yellow, are co-dominant. If a red fish mates with a speckled red-and-yellow fish, what percentage of their offspring will be yellow? Solving a Co-dominance Problem RR R YR R R R R Y R Y 1. Read the problem. Underline the known alleles. Identify the type of inheritance as co-dominance. 3. Circle and/or write down the genotypes of the parents. 4. Set up and solve Punnett Square. 5. Highlight and answer what the question is asking. 2. Choose a letter to represent each allele in the problem. Y = yellow; R = red parents: RR x RY yellow =0/4 =0%
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are red. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are pink. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) Red flowers are crossed with white flowers. All the flowers produced are speckled pink-and- white. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A black cat mates with a white cat. All of their children are white with black spots. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A red flower is crossed with a yellow flower. All of the flowers produced are orange. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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What type of inheritance? (Complete, Incomplete, or Co-Dominance) A red flower is crossed with a yellow flower. All of the flowers produced are red-and-yellow. How do you know what type of inheritance it is?
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An important example of co-dominance AND multiple alleles is human blood groups. The proteins on the surface of red blood cells determine your blood type, and those are determined by genes. both A and B proteins are expressed = codominance!
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Human blood type is determined by 3 alleles (2 dominant, 1 recessive): phenotypes: I A = I B = i = type A (dominant) type B (dominant) type O (recessive) Just like with any other trait, you must have two alleles for blood type. You still inherit one allele from each parent. genotypes: I A I A or I A iI B I B or I B iIAIBIAIB ii
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What’s the blood type? ii type O
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What’s the blood type? IAiIAi type A
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What’s the blood type? IAIBIAIB type AB
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What’s the blood type? IBIBIBIB type B
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What’s the blood type? IAIAIAIA type A
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What’s the blood type? IBiIBi type B
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: heterozygous type A IAiIAi
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: homozygous type B IAIBIAIB
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: homozygous type A IAIAIAIA
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: heterozygous type B IBiIBi
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: type O ii
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Write the genotype for the phenotype described: type AB IAIBIAIB
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Whiteboard Practice In peas, round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. In a cross between a homozygous round flower and a flower with wrinkled seeds, what percent of the offspring will have round seeds?
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Whiteboard Practice A man with homozygous type A blood is crossed with a woman with homozygous type B blood. What blood type will their offspring have?
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Agenda Notes – Co-Dominance – Whiteboards Independent Practice Exit Ticket
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Independent Practice
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Exit Ticket
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