1. 2016 PG&E DATA CENTER BASELINE STUDY Jeff Stein, PE Brandon Gill, PE

2.  About Taylor Engineering  Data Center Baseline History  Title 24 Part 6 Code Synchronization  Electrical Baseline Updates  M&V Guidelines Overview

3. Taylor Engineering  Founded in 1995  Located in Alameda, California  8 Mechanical PE’s  Expertise in :  Data Centers  Central Plants  Laboratory Buildings  Museums  High Rise Buildings  Control System Design  Commissioning 6 Principals 2 Associates 6 Engineers

4. Authors Jeff Stein, PE, Principal  Lead author for Title 24 2013 Data Center Code Requirements  Lead Mechanical or Controls Designer:  Multiple 20 to 40 MW Data Centers (NDA)  Lead Cx Agent:  20 MW Data Centers in Salt Lake City, UT and Phoenix, AZ  Principal Investigator for life cycle cost analyses to support Title 24 Part 6 code initiatives related to:  Air and water economizers  Minimum CRAC efficiencies  Fan Power Limitations  Humidity Control Limitation  Containment Brandon Gill, PE, Senior Engineer  Evaluation, Measurement & Verification  Multiple Fortune 500 Custom Data Center Projects across PG&E and SCE territories  Mechanical Design  Mechanical Designer for a 20 MW Data Center  Commissioning  Commissioning Agent for 20 MW Data Centers in Salt Lake City, UT, and Phoenix, AZ

5.  Published by PG&E in 2009  Adopted by statewide programs in 2010  Baselines developed from:  Lead author’s experience  Industry standard practice research  Last updated in 2013  Last Version of the Baseline Covered:  Mechanical Systems  Transformers, UPS Systems, Rectifiers Baseline Origin

6.  Standard Practice (not code) Baseline  All systems but transformers  No air or waterside economizing  All data centers, excepting telecom facilities  Load Dependent Air Management Schemes  Containment not required globally  Constant Speed Fan Controls  All data centers except those with >10 kW/rack of load Key Old Baseline Features

7.  2013 Title 24, Part 6 now covers data center mechanical systems  Detailed M&V guidance was not provided by the existing baseline  More detailed guidelines were necessary to address complicated baseline scenarios Why a new baseline?

8.  Mechanical systems are now wholly covered by Title 24 Part 6  Prescriptive Requirements for Computer Rooms, Section 140.9 (a)  Performance Path Requirements  Documented in the 2013 Non-Residential Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Reference Manual  Implemented in IES, CBECC-COM, and EnergyPro v6 compliance modules  All Title 24 “Computer Room” Specific Requirements reproduced in Baseline Appendix Mechanical Systems Baseline

9. Mechanical Baseline Highlights  20°F airside delta-T (implicitly assumes containment)  Airside economizer  60°F design SAT  Airflow and SAT Reset  No humidity control  System:  <250 Tons: DX CRAC  >= 250 Tons: CHW Plant Serving CRAHs

10.  UPS Systems  ENERGY STAR® Rating Baseline for New Construction  Pre-existing (2013) Baseline for Retrofit Applications  Rectifiers  ENERGY STAR® Rating Baseline  Low and Medium Voltage Transformers  Revised based on 2016 Federal DOE Efficiency Mandate Electrical Systems Baseline

11.  UPS Only  Size Dependent  1.5 kW to 10 kW  >10 kW  Type Dependent  Offline/Standby  Line-interactive  Double Conversion  UPS and Rectifiers  Communication Dependent  E.g. Modbus/BACNet  No Communication ENERGY STAR® Baseline

12. M&V Guidelines  Provided for:  New Construction  Retrofit  Includes  Analysis Approach Requirements (e.g. retrofit isolation, whole building, etc.)  Metering Points and Duration Requirements  Regression Model Validation Targets  Process Flowcharts  Example M&V Procedures

13.  Aims  Simplify the Process  Ensure High Rigor Level Results  Requirements  (1) verification site visit  (1) month post-build IT load monitoring  Mechanical Measures  Compliance energy model true-up  Electrical Measures  Calculated (spreadsheet) approach New Construction M&V

14.  Approach is baseline specific:  Early Retirement (ER) and Retrofit Add-On (REA)  Normal Replacement (NR)  Replace on Burnout (ROB)  New Load/New Added Equipment (NEW)  Mixed Baseline Conditions Retrofit M&V

15.  Early Retirement & Retrofit Add-On  Whole Building Monitoring or Retrofit Isolation  Pre- & Post-Retrofit Monitoring  (4) months for weather dependent measures  (1) month for non-weather dependent measures  Curtailment only allowed with PG&E program manager approval  Focus on robust regression analysis  Targets: Mean Bias Error: 10% or less  CV(RMSE): 30% or less  Coefficient of Determination (R 2 ): 0.7 or more  ***Regression targets globally applicable across project types Retrofit M&V

16.  Normal Replacement  Typically retrofit isolation (with an exception)  Pre- & Post-Retrofit Monitoring  Yes, Pre-Monitoring  (4) months for weather dependent measures  (1) month for non-weather dependent measures  Curtailment only allowed with PG&E program manager approval  Pre-monitoring  Validate real world savings  Post-monitoring used for:  Real savings validation  Code baseline savings analysis Retrofit M&V

17.  Replace on Burnout  Retrofit Isolation  Post-monitoring only  (4) months for weather dependent measures  (1) month for non-weather dependent measures  Curtailment only allowed with PG&E program manager approval  Post-monitoring used for:  Savings analysis Retrofit M&V

18.  New Load/New Added Equipment  Effectively treated as new construction projects  Savings determined using simulation modeling Retrofit M&V

19.  Mixed Baseline  Existing and Title 24 Baseline Components  Pre- and Post-Retrofit Monitoring  Pre-Retrofit Model True-Up  Adjust systems with T-24 baseline to reflect code level performance  Savings  Post-Retrofit Model – Trued-up Pre-Retrofit Model Retrofit M&V

20.  Code Synchronization = Tougher Mechanical Baseline  More efficient airside systems  More efficient controls  Electrical Baselines  All linked to reference standards or Federal Requirements  M&V Guidelines provided for New Construction and Retrofit Projects Study Summary

21. jstein@taylor-engineering.com bgill@taylor-engineering.com Questions