1. Professor Kevin Hannam University of Sunderland

2.  Under theorisation of security in tourism literature  Conceptualising security  Environmental, economic and tourism impacts of the BP oil spill disaster  Geopolitical impacts

3.  Soroos (1997: 236) defines security as “the assurance people have that they will continue to enjoy those things that are most important to their survival and well-being.”

4.  Simon Dalby (2002: 163-4) usefully summarises that: “Security is about the future or fears of the future. It is about contemporary dangers but also thwarting potential future dangers. It is about control, certainty, and predictability in an uncertain world, and, in an attempt to forestall chance and change, it is frequently a violent practice. It is about maintaining certain collective identities, certain senses of who we are, of who we intend to remain, more than who we intend to become. Security provides narratives of danger as the stimulus to collective action but is much less useful in proposing desirable futures.... Security discourses specify the endangered entity. But these are multiply coded and embedded in cultural contexts.”

5.  Dalby (2002) has argued that there is a need to reconceptualise the term security in terms of its assumption of national territorial solutions to problems of resource exploitation. In short, he has argued, that there is a need to reformulate the concept of security to take ecology much more seriously, in part because of the potential for war and conflict over access to key scarce resources.

6.  United Nations Human Development Report (1994) was the first to articulate the concept of human security as having four essential aspects. Firstly, the notion that human security was a universal concern to people everywhere despite the nation-state they resided in. Secondly, that human security emphasised the interdependence of nation-states. Thirdly, that human security can only be ensued through early intervention. And, fourthly, that the focus of security should shift from nation-states to people themselves.

7.  The largest accidental marine oil spill disaster in the history of the petroleum industry...  Environmental impacts  Tourism impacts  Economic impacts

14.  A re-surfacing of national discourses of security

23.  President Obama’s statement that: 'In the same way that our view of our vulnerabilities and our foreign policy was shaped profoundly by 9/11,' he said, 'I think this disaster is going to shape how we think about the environment and energy for many years to come.'