1. Uninterruptable Power Supplies or UPS ’s © D. J. McMahon 2014 rev 141004

2. What goes wrong in electrical power delivery? Transients Interruptions Undervoltage Overvoltage Waveform distortion Voltage fluctuations Frequency fluctuations See APC’s white paper #18: www.apcmedia.com/salestools/VAVR-5WKLPK/VAVR-5WKLPK_R1_EN.pdf

3. “Power conditioners”: Provide regulation and filtering of the AC power line, but are not backup power supplies.

4. Three types of UPS’s: Standby (or Passive): Inverter and battery are in parallel and back up the utility power. Line-Interactive: Regulates a limited range of voltage variants; inverter is in parallel, acts as a backup, and charges the battery. Online: Inverter is in series with the utility power and the load. Most UPS’s support 5 to 15 minutes of backup, depending on the load.

5. Standby UPS: > Runs a device on power line until triggered to switch to a battery-&-inverter system > Most commonly used for devices in homes or offices

6. Generic Standby (“Offline”) UPS

7. Line-Interactive UPS: > Regulates the line voltage by adjusting it up or down before passing it along to the protected equipment. > Usually used at mission-critical equipment in Info Systems

8. Line-Interactive UPS, Normal status: Line voltage is regulated, but not replaced. (Tap selection at the primary is automatic.)

9. Line-Interactive UPS, Small Overvoltage Line voltage is regulated, but not replaced. (Tap selection at the primary is automatic.)

10. Line-Interactive UPS, Small Undervoltage: Line voltage is regulated, but not replaced. (Tap selection at the primary is automatic.)

11. Line-Interactive UPS with large fault, or complete loss of AC:

12. Continuous (“Online”) UPS: > Continuously runs device from a line-driven battery & inverter > When power fails, battery continues to feed the load without interruption > Best option for mission-critical systems (servers, high failure cost systems, etc), but pricey.

14. Integrated battery backup within a device; limited protection, and not the same as a UPS.

15. UPS’s in medical facilities: > Diagnostic and imaging servers and equipment: - Radiology Dept, Ultrasound, CAT scanners, MRI > Clinical Laboratory: - data storage > Info Systems: - data storage, servers > Medical Support Equipment: - supply vending systems - any non-life-support device

16. Example: Tripp-Lite Corp Model SMART1200XLHG ~$900 1000 VA 4 ea: 15-amp outlets ~10 minutes at max load ~28 minutes at half load NB: Medical UPS’s are not intended for life-support applications, and are not certified as such.

17. UPS Maintenance: > Functional testing > Scheduled battery check and battery replacement

25. Major Market Players in UPS’s: > APC > Sola > Tripp-lite