1. Fingerprints
By:
Tyler Hansberry

2. What is a fingerprint?
A fingerprint is impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger.[1] A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm) or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin.[1] These ridges are sometimes known as "dermal ridges" or "dermal papillae".

3. Classifying Fingerprints (Arch)
This is the Arch. It is an up-right curve, and then comes back down.

4. Loop
This is the Loop. As you can see, it loops up, then comes back down.

5. Whorl
This is a Whorl. It goes in a Whorl. It looks like it is going in a circle.

6. Tended Arch
This is basically like an Arch.

7. Timeline of Fingerprints
The first known use of fingerprinting was in 9th century China, where merchants applied their fingerprints to documents authenticating a record of debt.[10] In 14th century Persia government officials would use their fingerprint in much the same way we use signatures today.[citation needed] A list of significant modern dates documenting the use of fingerprints for positive identification are as follows:

8. 1823: Jan Evangelista Purkyně, a professor of anatomy at the University of Breslau, published his thesis discussing 9 fingerprint patterns, but he did not mention the use of fingerprints to identify persons.[citation needed]
1880: Dr Henry Faulds published his first paper on the subject in the scientific journal Nature in 1880.[11] Returning to the UK in 1886, he offered the concept to the Metropolitan Police in London but it was dismissed.[12]
1892: Sir Francis Galton published a detailed statistical model of fingerprint analysis and identification and encouraged its use in forensic science in his book Finger Prints.

9. 1892: Juan Vucetich, an Argentine police officer who had been studying Galton pattern types for a year, made the first criminal fingerprint identification. He successfully proved Francisca Rojas guilty of murder after showing that the bloody fingerprint found at the crime scene was hers, and could only be hers.
1897: The world's first Fingerprint Bureau opened in Calcutta (Kolkata), India after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report (on 12 June 1897) that fingerprints should be used for classification of criminal records. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau (before it became the Fingerprint Bureau) were Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose were the Indian fingerprint experts credited with primary development of the fingerprint classification system eventually named after their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry

10. 1901: The first United Kingdom Fingerprint Bureau was founded in Scotland Yard. The Henry Classification System, devised by Sir Edward Richard Henry with the help of Haque and Bose was accepted in England and Wales.
1902: Dr. Henry P. DeForrest used fingerprinting in the New York Civil Service.
1906: New York City Police Department Deputy Commissioner Joseph A. Faurot introduced fingerprinting of criminals to the United States.

11. References