1. Shakespearean Sonnet / Dramatic Conventions English 9

2. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com The Sonnet A sonnet is a poem with 14 lines Each line is written in iambic pentameter An iamb is an unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable. Thus, an iamb is made of 2 syllables. The prefix pent- means five. So how many syllables is in a line of iambic pentameter? Ten

3. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Iambic pentameter Iambic pentameter means each line has 10 syllables, with every other syllable stressed, beginning with syllable two Example: But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?

4. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com The Sonnet There are two main types of sonnets: Petrarchan (after the Italian poet Petrarch) -and- Shakespearean Both have different rhyme schemes

5. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com The Petrarchan Sonnet Most sonnets focus on love Petrarch’s sonnet is divided into an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines) Look at the following Petrarchan sonnet, and try to guess the rhyme scheme:

6. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Example of a Petrarchan Sonnet What is the rhyme scheme? When I consider how my light is spent, Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide; "Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need Either man's work or His own gifts. Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, And post o'er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait."

7. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Petrarchan Sonnet Rhyme Scheme First eight lines: ABBAABBA Last six lines: CDECDE

8. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com The Shakespearean Sonnet Has three four-line stanzas called quatrains and a two-line unit called a couplet, which is always indented. Read the following Shakespearean sonnet, and try to guess the rhyme scheme:

9. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Example of a Shakespearean Sonnet What is the rhyme scheme? Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

10. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Shakespearean Sonnet Rhyme Scheme ABAB (Lines 1-4) CDCD (Lines 5-8) EFEF (Lines 9-12) GG (Lines 13 and 14)

11. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Translate the following sonnet Shakespeare's Sonnet #130 – First quatrain My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun Coral is far more red than her lips' red. If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.

12. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Sonnet #130 second quatrain I have seen roses damask'd red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.

13. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Sonnet #130 third quatrain I have to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go: My mistress when she walks treads on the ground.

14. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Sonnet #130 couplet And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. What is this sonnet's overall meaning?

15. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Blank Verse Most of Shakespeare’s plays were written in blank verse, which is unrhymed iambic pentameter.

16. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions Tragedy: Drama that ends in a catastrophe – most often death – for the main character and several other important characters, as well. In Shakespearean tragedy, the main character, or tragic hero, is usually someone who is nobly born and who may have great influence in society. This character also has, however, one or more fatal character flaws – a weakness or serious error in judgment - that lead to his or her downfall. This is called a tragic flaw.

17. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions Comic relief – A humorous scene, incident, or speech often included in Shakespeare’s tragedies that relieves the overall emotional intensity.

18. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions: Allusion – Brief reference, within a work, to something outside of the work that the reader or audience is expected to know. The works most frequently alluded to in Shakespeare’s works are the Bible and mythology.

19. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions: Soliloquy – Speech that a character gives when he or she is alone on stage. Its purpose is to let the audience know what the character is thinking. Aside – A character’s remark, either to the audience or to another character, that others on stage are not supposed to hear. Its purpose, too, is to reveal the character’s private thoughts. A stage direction, usually in brackets or parentheses, indicates when an aside is being made. Asides are spoken to the audience, unless directions indicate otherwise.

20. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions: Foil – A character who is an opposite of the main character. For example, a foil of a rich character would be a poor one.

21. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions Dramatic irony – When a character is ignorant of a situation or event that other characters or the audience is aware of Verbal irony – Saying one thing, but meaning the opposite Situational irony – When the opposite of what you expect to happen, happens.

22. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions Pun - A joke that comes from a play on words; it can make use of a word’s multiple meanings or of a word’s rhyme

23. 6/10/2016Free template from www.brainybetty.com Other dramatic conventions Alliteration – Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck… Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in a word) in non-rhyming words Ex: I must confess that in my quest I felt depressed and restless Consonance – Repetition of consonant sounds in the middle or end of non-rhyming words Ex: I dropped the locket in the thick mud.