2. IC TECHNOLOGY Main frame computers – Desktop computers – Laptop computers  SSI(small scale integration) MMSI(medium scale integration) LLSI(large scale integration) UULSI(ultra large scale integration) Limitations of IC technology BBeyond ULSI Moor’s law fails PPhysical limitations EEconomical issues

3.  Emerged in the 1980’s  Prof. FOREST CARTER(U.S.A)  Replacing IC technology  Molecule instead of transistor

17. COMPARISON POLYPHENYLENE 1. Most chemically flexible molecular backbone 2. Not very conductive(about 200 billion electrons per second being transmitted across the molecular wire) 3. Same current density of Carbon nanotubes(Current density is about half a million times greater than that of a copper wire) CARBON NANOTUBES 1. Less flexible chemically 2. Most conductive(about 120 billion to 3 trillion electrons per second transmitted across the molecular wire) 3. Same current density of Polyphenylene based wires(Current density is about half a million times greater than that of a copper wire)