1. Long-Distance Relationships

2. Why do people maintain LDRs? Carpenter & Knox 1986

3. Females –emotionally involved / commitment Males –dating other women –comparisons confirm commitment to LDR

4. Conditions for Effective LDRs? Gerstel, 1976 Money Flexible Work Schedule Mobility of work-related materials. Willingness on part of both parties

5. Costs/Benefits of LDRs? Gerstel & Gross 1982 Costs –trivial everyday talk / planned leisure activities Benefits –relationship given priority when together –more time invested in relationship –household chores shared more often –learn to do things normally done by spouse

6. Quality of LDR vs. GCR? Dellman-Jenkins, Bernard-Paolucci, & Rushing 1994 Males less satisfied than females in both types of relationships

8. Shared Meaning Stephen 1986 Verbal / vocal channel aided LDR couples in created shared meaning Phone Conversations #1 more frequently LDR couples engaged in phone talk, the stronger their shared meaning

9. Amount of Communication? Stafford & Reske 1990 Restricted comm + Relational images Face-to-face interaction detrimental to relationship

10. Quality of LDR interactions? Westerfield & Liddell 1982 Hyperconscious of time mgt Higher quality interaction expectations Uncertainty in LDR relationships (Emmers & Canary, 1996) Unfaithfulness, 3rd party competition, geographic distance