1. P2 Physics Revision Sheets
Name …………………………………..
P2 Physics Revision Sheets

2. P2 REVISION Distance –time and Velocity-time Graphs
Distance-time Graphs
Speed = distance /time measured in m/s
Velocity – Time Graphs
Velocity is …………..in a ………………….
Acceleration = v – u measured in m/s2 t
If the value calculated for acceleration is negative, the body is decelerating – slowing down. A deceleration is the same as a negative acceleration.
Fill in the blanks in the table below.
If an object speeds up from 5m/s to 25m/s in 5s what is its acceleration ?
Calculate the acceleration shown by the red line and the distance covered by red line vehicle.
KEY WORDS:
Velocity Speed
Acceleration Area
Deceleration Gradient

3. Force and Acceleration
P2 REVISION – Forces
Resultant Force
On the Road
The resultant force is a single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on an object.
If an object is accelerating there must be a resultant force acting on it.
If an object is accelerating what 3 things can it be doing?
If a vehicle is travelling at a steady speed, the resultant force on it is __________. The driving forces are equal and opposite to the ……………………………..
Stopping distance
Distance travelled during the thinking distance, plus the distance it travels under the braking distance
Thinking distance is ……………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………….
………………………………………..
Is increased if the driver is ………. or under the influence of _____________ or __________. It is also increased if ……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
Braking Distance is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Can be increased by:
Poorly maintained roads
…………….or ………………….. conditions.
Condition of the car: eg:
Worn ____________
Force and Acceleration
What always causes an acceleration?
The bigger the resultant force on an object, the greater its ___________________.
F = m x a
The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a car of mass 1200 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the car at the instant shown in the diagram.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
Why does it reach a top speed ?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
Reaction time depends on the ____________.
Braking distance depends on the ___________, ___________ _____________ and the condition of the vehicle.
KEY WORDS:
Force Resultant
Newton Drag
Mass Air Resistance 3

4. P2 REVISION Forces continued. Stretching & Squashing
Falling Objects
Stretching & Squashing
Parachutes
What does elastic mean?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
State Hooke’s Law
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A spring stretches from 2cm to 10cm when a 10N weight is hung on it. What is its spring constant ?
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Draw the velocity – time graph for a parachutist.
The force of gravity is called ___________
An object acted on only by gravity will accelerate at about ___________.
F = m x a
Where:
F is the resultant force in newtons, N.
m is the mass in kilograms, kg
a is the acceleration in m/s²
Becomes:
W = m x g
W is the weight in newtons, N
g is the acceleration due to gravity in m/s²
If an object falls through a fluid the fluid exerts a __________ force on the object.
Faster the object falls, the bigger the drag force becomes until it becomes equal to the weight of the object.
Resultant force will then be ___________.
This is called ________________ _______________.
DON’T FORGET:
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Weight is the force of gravity acting on it.
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KEY WORDS:
Gravitational Proportionality
Drag force
Terminal velocity
Weight
Elastic 4

5. P2 REVISION Current Electricity
Electrical Charges
Electric symbols
If you rub two electrically insulating materials are rubbed together, __________________ are rubbed off one material and deposited on the other.
Objects that have opposite electric charges ______________ each other, if they have the same electric charge they___________.
Charging by Induction
If a current of 2 amps flows for 1 minute how much charge has passed ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………
If a voltage of 2V is measured when 0.5A flows through a resistor what is its resistance ?
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If 200J of energy are supplied to a resistor when %) C of charge flows through it , what is the voltage across it ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Complete the circuit you would need to measure the I – V graph for the resistor.
KEY WORDS:
Insulating Resistance
Electron Series
Attract Transfer
Repel Induce
Ohm’s law: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

6. P2 REVISION – Current Electricity Cont.
Current-Potential Difference Graphs
Series Circuits
A current-potential difference graph for a resistor. How do you work out the resistance ?
How are the components connected in a series circuit?
What happens if there is a break in the circuit?
Is the current the same or different through each component?
If you add together the potential difference what does it give you?
A current-potential difference graph . What happens to its resistance as it gets warmer ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Parallel Circuits
The current in a diode flows in one direction only, in the reverse direction the diode has a very high resistance so the current will be what?
……………………………………………
How are the components connected in a parallel circuit?
What happens if there is a break in the circuit?
Is the pd across each component the same or different?
The bigger the resistance of a component, the ______________ the current through it.
12 V
What is the reading on each ammeter ?
Thermistor: Resistance _______________ if its temperature increases.
LDR: resistance decreases if the light intensity on it ___________.
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KEY WORDS:
Diode
Filament bulb
Resistor
Thermistor
Proportional
How do you work out resistance from a current voltage graph ? 6

7. P2 REVISION – Radioactivity Observing Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Reactions
An atom has a small central _________________, which contains the ____________ and _________________, this is then surrounded by_______________________.
The nuclei of radioactive substances are unstable, to become stable they go through a process called radioactive decay.
The 3 types of radiation emitted are:
Where does background radiation come from? ( Two natural and two man made)
Remember: Radioactive decay is random we cannot predict or influence when it happens!
Change in the Nucleus
Particle emitted
α decay
β decay
Relative Mass
Relative Charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
What is an atom called if it loses or gains electrons?
What is an isotope?
Complete these decay equations.
What happens in Gamma decay ?
Uses of Radioactivity
How does it work ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
How does it work ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
KEY WORDS:
Ion Isotope Background
Nucleus Radiation
Proton Tracer
Electron Half Life 7

8. P2 REVISION – Radioactivity cont.
Half-Life
Alpha, beta & gamma radiation
What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?
The number of atoms of a radioactive isotope and the activity both decrease by __________
every half life.
Remember to use
½ ¼ ⅛
Remember what stops each type of radiation.
Deflected by?
How ionising?
Alpha
Electric & magnetic fields
Beta
Not as ionising as alpha particles
Gamma
Deflected by neither electric or magnetic fields.
Radioactivity at Work
Where used and length of half-life of the sorce
Alpha
Beta
Gamma + N - S
Radioactive Dating: What is this used for? What do we need to do it?
Ionisation is when nuclear radiation travels through a material, colliding with the atoms within it. This then knocks electrons off, creating ions.
KEY WORDS:
Ionisation
Half-life
Tracer
Radioactive dating 8

9. P2 REVISION – Energy From the Nucleus Rutherford Scattering
Nuclear Fission
What is nuclear fission ? …………………………………………………….
What two fissionable isotopes are most commonly used in nuclear reactors?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Draw a diagram of a chain reaction below.
Rutherford Scattering
Explain what the control rods do in a nuclear reactor.
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Observation
Conclusion 9

10. Nuclear Fusion and Stars
Nuclear fusion is……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What is released when this happens? ……………………………………………………..
Why is it so difficult to get hydrogen to fuse ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11. P2 REVISION – Work, Energy & Momentum Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy & Work
Work
Work is done when ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Energy transferred = work _______
What is the unit for both work and energy?
W = F x d
The diagram below shows a plank being used as a simple machine. The crate is slid up the plank into the back of the lorry.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Write down the formula for potential energy
………………………………………………………..
Units -
Write down the formula for Kinetic energy
………………………………………………………..
Units -
Calculate the work done against gravity when the weight is moved into the lorry.
The diagram below shows water falling over a dam at the end of a reservoir. The water falls a vertical distance of 10 m.
Kinetic Energy
A rocket has a mass of 5000 kg and is travelling at a speed of 600 m/s. Calculate the rocket’s kinetic energy in kilojoules
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Calculate the potential energy of 1 kg of water at the top of the waterfall.
What will be the kinetic energy of 1 kg of the water just before it lands in the pool?
Use your answer to to calculate the speed of the water as it lands at the bottom of the waterfall. 11

12. P2 REVISION –Work, Energy & Momentum cont.
Car Safety
Define momentum ..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What is the law of conservation of momentum ? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
What are the units of momentum ? ………………………………………….
Cars today have several different safety features built into them, to reduce the forces on the occupants of the car in a collision.
How do side impact bars, seat belts, air bags and crumple zones help with safety?
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Question
  Before collision
  After collision
Calculate the final velocity of the van.
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A car being driven at 9.0 m/s collides with the back of a stationary lorry. The car slows down and stops in 0.20 seconds. The total mass of the car and driver is 1200 kg. What force is exerted by the lorry on the car ?
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