1. Planning for Connected and Automated Vehicles Stuart Ballingall Program Director - Cooperative & Automated Systems ACMA, RadComms 2016 10 March 2016, Sydney Source: International Transport Forum (ITF)

2. Key policy drivers Safety Over 1,200 fatalities & 34k serious injuries p/a (source: BITRE) Estimated $27 billion cost to community (source: NRSS) Mobility Cost of congestion $13.7 billion in 2011, predicted to reach $53 billion in 2031 if no action (source: Infrastructure Aust) Sustainability Road transport contributes ~14% of total GHG (source: CCA)

3. Connected Vehicles Connectivity using a range of wireless comms technologies: Wide area radio broadcast (eg. analogue, DAB+) Cellular (3G & 4G LTE today, 5G & LTE-Direct in future) Dedicated Short Range Comms (eg. 5.9 GHz DSRC) Wireless LAN (eg. WiFi) and Bluetooth Satellite (eg. GNSS for absolute positioning, timing) Source: Denso

4. Telematics Wide range of vehicle telematics services, including: Infotainment & concierge services Traveller information services Regulated vehicle compliance Diagnostics Software & map updates Source: Transport Certification Aust.

5. Cooperative ITS Enables systems to work cooperatively together, through the use of wireless communications between: Vehicles Infrastructure Centres Personal Devices Source: ERTICO (modified)

6. Automated Crash Notification Use vehicle sensors to determine crash severity & the need for timely attendance of emergency services Automated (& manual) data message via cellular from vehicle to Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) Regulation (EU) 2015/758 to mandate ‘eCall’ in all new light vehicles sold in Europe from April 2018 Source: ADAC

7. Connected Automated Vehicles Source: Various…

8. Levels of Automated Driving (SAE) Source: International Transport Forum (ITF) representation of SAE J3016 automation levels

9. Vehicle Sensors Radar Works in low light & poor weather, but low resolution Ultrasound Limited to short distances, low speed manoeuvres Camera Uses reflected light, so some limitations when dark Sees colour, so can be used to read signs, signals, etc. LIDAR Uses emitted light, so darkness not an issue Some weather limitations Source: Ford Source: e2e.ti.com

10. Satellite Positioning Source: GPS World, GENEQ inc. Most C-ITS & AV deployments are using Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) for absolute positioning Australia does not have free access to an SBAS Opportunity exists to leverage multi-GNSS Source: Dempster, A; Rizos, C..

11. Planning for CAV deployment Dept of Infrastructure & Regional Development (DIRD) International vehicle standards (incl. UN WP29, IG-ITS/AD) Review and update of Policy Framework for ITS in Australia National Transport Commission (NTC) Review of regulatory barriers to the introduction of AVs Austroads Operational framework to support C-ITS deployment Road operations to support AV deployment Vehicle Registration & Driver Licensing to support AVs Jurisdictions Several undertaking their own regulatory reviews & initiatives Collaboration and consistency will be critical

12. Thank you Stuart Ballingall Austroads stuart.ballingall@roads.vic.gov.au @sjballingall www.austroads.com.au