1. Greening MENA Power Plants through Renewable Energy Integration: CSP vs PV Case Study. Kamal Mohammedi 1, Noureddine Yamani 1, Salah Boudaoud 1, O. Behar 1 and Abdallah Khellaf 2 1MESOnexusTeam, LEMI/ M. Bougara University, Boumerdès 35000 (Algeria), mob.+213 0 552 236791 e-mail; mohammedi.meso.lemi@gmail.com.mohammedi.meso.lemi@gmail.com 2 CDER route de l’observatoire, Bouzareah, Algiers 16000 ‘Algeria) ABSTRACT Middle-East and North Africa (MENA) region as a major supplier of fossil fuels is eligible to become a major clean solar energy production area. The huge solar potential in MENA is pushing investments mainly towards CSP and with less interest to PV technologies. The two technologies are now in an open competition but PV is still leading with a comfortable ranking as a third source of Renewable energy. CSP technology still needs technical and economical improvement although it’s thermodynamically consistent. Of course, it is of strategic interest that these two technologies compete against fossil sources than entering into “cannibalization” race. For all case studies we used TRNSYS with NREL SAM Advisor Environments to compare technico-economic performances of CSP and PV plants. CSP technology LEC is under 10 €c/kWh but higher than the PV LEC. But when it comes to power plants with storage then the two technologies costs are comparable. According to the simulation results PTC solar has the favors. Keywords: Solar, Power Plant, PV, CSP, Feasibility, Decision Making INTRODUCTION The energy demand has increased exponentially during the last decade and should reach 50 TWh in 2050. It is admitted that in the future, renewable energy sources should replace fossil fuels and reduce GHGs emissions which are responsible of climate change. The huge solar potential in MENA is in favor of solar energy investments in CSP and PV technologies [1]. The two technologies are now in an open competition worldwide but PV is still leading with a comfortable ranking as a third source of Renewable energy. CSP technology still needs technical and economical improvement although it’s thermodynamically consistent [2]. Figure 3: simulation recap. results Figure 1: Hybrid RE-FC System Configuration Figure 2: Burj Cedria Site Data Figure 4: Electricity production Acknowledgements : Thanks to New Energy Algeria (NEAL) and SPP1 for Hassi R’Mel ISCC CSP Power Plant data. CSP AND PV IN MENA Most of CSP power plants and projects are of parabolic trough technology (PTC) and mainly located in USA, Spain and MENA [2] [3]. Solar towers (CRS) technology is gaining interest but is still at prototype stage worldwide for many projects [4]. Photovoltaic installed capacity in the world was around 178 GW in 2014, increasing yearly by more than 40 GW and satisfying 1 percent of the world's total electricity consumption supply of currently 18,400 TWh. Most of largest PV power plants are located in China, Japan and Germany while the MENA area capacity is still not significant except for Algeria where PV global installed power capacity reached 318 MW in 2015. This growth is compatible with authorities’ renewable fraction goal of 40% in Algeria by 2030. PV power plants connected to the northern national grid totalizing 265 MW are located in East Highlands (90 MW), Central Highlands (90 MW) and West Highlands (85 MW). Additional 78 MW consists of hybridizing existing Diesel power plants in the south (In- Salah/ Adrar/Timimoun (PIAT) 53MW and the far south (Djanet, Tindouf et Tamanrasset) 25 MW. Algeria first solar projects were CSP oriented with 295 MW capacities to install between 2011 and 2018. Nowadays, only Hassi R’Mel 25 MW solar/125 MW Gas Turbine is operational.electricity consumptionTWh For case studies we used TRNSYS with NREL SAM Advisor Environments to compare technico-economic performances of CSP and PV plants. The LEC of CSP technology is under 10 €c/kWh but higher than the PV LEC. But when it comes to power plants with storage then the two technologies costs are comparable. CONCLUSION A reasonable mix of PV and CSP power generation capacity could lead to a sustainable solution to meet MENA/EU growing electricity demand. CSP technologies seem more appropriate and profitable when it comes to priories performance, efficiency and electricity yield through large scale power plants with storage. But PV solutions lead when considering projects simplicity, time, investment and levelized cost of electricity. The application to decision making is the next step. A multi-criteria approach as an analysis tool will allow us to move from a mono criterion subjective decision to an objective decision based on several criteria. References [1] Behar, O. Khellaf, A. Mohammedi, K. A Review of Studies on Central Receiver Solar Thermal Power Plants, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, vol. 23, issue C,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [2] Behar, O. Khellaf, A. Mohammedi, K, Ait-Kaci, S. - A Review of Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System (ISCCS) with a Parabolic Trough Technology, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 39, (2014), pages 223-250. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.066Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [3] Behar, O. Khellaf, A. Mohammedi, K. – ICCSC Solar Thermal Power Plants, Energy Procedia 6, 185-193, Elsevier Lebanon, 2011 [4] Nixon, J.D., Dey, P.K., Davies, P.A. - Which is the best solar thermal collection technology for electricity generation in north- west India? Evaluation of options using the analytical hierarchy process The 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Protection, SEEP 2009, Energy journal Volume 35, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 5230–5240. Nixon Dey Davies Volume 35, Issue 12 [6] Verguraa, S. - Technical-Financial Comparison between a PV Plant and a CSP Plant. Revista Eletrônica Sistemas & Gestão, 6 (2011), pp 210-220. [7] Jorgenson, J., Denholm, P., Mehos, M. and Turchi, C. - Estimating the Performance and Economic Value of Multiple Concentrating Solar Power Technologies in a Production Cost Model. NR), Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20- 58645, Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308, December 2013. CapeTown South Africa 13-16 October 2015 1 st system2 nd system3 rd system Compon. ProductionFractionProductionFrac.ProductionFrac. (kWh/year) PV70449758%704497511%704497511% Wind Turbine 1421363217%3045774447%3654932457% Diesel plant 6174150874%2712933442%2014996232% Total83000112100%64632056100%63744264100% Table.2 Annual electricity yield (kWh/year) Tindouf local grid/PV Case Study: Hassi R’Mel National grid/CSP Case Study: Characteristics: Latitude, Longitude, Altitude33.8°North, 3°East, 776 m Solar field parameters: PTC Luz (USA) length/diameter: LS-210.75 /5.6 m LS-310.30 /6.2 m Receiver Schott PTR-70 length/diameter:4/0.06 m Solar field area1831 20 m 2 Number of lines56 (LS-2: 52 / LS-3: 4) Number of collectors in each row6 HTFTherminol VP-1 synthetic oil HTF inlet / outlet temperature290/ 393 °C Combined cycle: Gas turbinesSiemens SGT 800 Steam turbineSiemens STT 900 MetricISCC/PTC Hassi R’Mel Algeria ISCC/PTC AinBeniMathar Morocco ISCC/PTC Kureimat Egypt PTC Shams1 AbuDhabi UAE Annual Energy Yield kWh83,705,50473,843,61644,519,404352,256,160 Capacity Factor42.5 %42.6%28.82%40.3% Gross-to-net Conversion93.8%93.6%91.3%93.4% PPA Price (Year 1) ç/kWh14.0312.8219.4113.06 PPA Price Escalation1.00 % 1.001.00% Levelized PPA Price (Nom) ç/kWh17.74 26.5618.62 Levelized Cost (Nominal) ç/kWh16.3716.38%24.4917.18 Net Present Value12,067,76310,655,8009,717,95253,354,516 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)11.00 % 11,00%11% Year IRR is Achieved20 years IRR at end of Analysis Period12.59 % Initial Cost178,086,688157,244,496143,297,440787,323,328 Initial Cost less Cash Incentives178,086,688157,244,496143,297,440787,323,328 Equity $88,944,48878,535,68071,583,656393,229,952 Debt $89,142,19278,708,82471,713,784394,093,408 Debt Fraction50.06 % 50.05%90.05% Site with PVPower MWCF %Cost c$/KWh Abu Dhabi, UAE 10022.14.31 Kureimat, Egypt2017.44.77 Beni Mathar, Morocco2020.74.05 Hassi R’Mel, Algeria2520.74.05 PTC CSP CF %Cost c$/KWh Abu Dhabi 100 MW40.317.18 Kurimat 20 MW28.124.52 Beni Mathar 20 MW42.616.38 Hassi R mel 25 MW42.416.37