1. Waves  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S Xk-7tA21Kw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S Xk-7tA21Kw  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S Xk-7tA21Kw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S Xk-7tA21Kw 1

2. Objectives  To discuss the difficulties children encounter when learning about waves  To get some hands on experience setting up and using a range of equipment available for the teaching of waves  To observe some demonstrations for teaching waves

3. Waves in the news  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14967535 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14967535  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment- 15017484 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment- 15017484  http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15274875 http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15274875  http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment- 34572433 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment- 34572433

4. Waves in the National Curriculum KS3 Observed waves waves on water as undulations which travel through water with transverse motion; these waves can be refle cted, and add or cancel – superposition. Sound waves frequencies of sound waves, measured in hertz (Hz); e choes, reflection and absorption of sound sound needs a medium to travel, the speed of sound i n air, in water, in solids sound produced by vibrations of objects, in loud speak ers, detected by their effects on microphone diaphragm and the ear drum; sound wave s are longitudinal auditory range of humans and animals.

5. Waves in the National Curriculum KS3 Energy and waves pressure waves transferring energy; use for cleaning an d physiotherapy by ultra- sound; waves transferring information for conversion to electrical signals by microphone.

6. Waves in the National Curriculum KS3 Light waves the similarities and differences between light waves and waves in matter light waves travelling through a vacuum; speed of light the transmission of light through materials: absorption, di ffuse scattering and specular reflection at a surface use of ray model to explain imaging in mirrors, the pin hole camera, the refraction of light and action of convex lens in focusing (qualitative); the human eye light transferring energy from source to absorber leading to chemical and electrical effects; photo- sensitive material in the retina and in cameras colours and the different frequencies of light, white light and prisms (qualitative only); differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection.

7. Compare with current Waves in the National Curriculum at Key Stage 4 Energy, electricity and radiations 7) In their study of science, the following should be covered: a. Energy transfers can be measured and their efficiency calculated, which is important in considering the economic costs and environmental effects of energy use b. Electrical power is readily transferred and controlled, and can be used in a range of different situations c. Radiations, including ionising radiations, can transfer energy d. Radiations in the form of waves can be used for communication.

8. New KS4 National Curriculum Wave motion  amplitude, wavelength, frequency, relating velocity to frequency and wavelength  transverse and longitudinal waves  electromagnetic waves, velocity in vacuum; waves transferring energy; wavelengths and frequencies from radio to gamma-rays  velocities differing between media: absorption, reflection, refraction effects  production and detection, by electrical circuits, or by changes in atoms and nuclei  uses in the radio, microwave, infra-red, visible, ultra- violet, X-ray and gamma-ray regions, hazardous effects on bodily tissues

10. NC to Specifications OCR, Edexcel, AQA, WJEC… Look at the waves content of the draft specifications provided AQA, OCR and Edexcel Can you identify similarities or differences Does the variation matter? What does your SE1 school use? Do you have a preference?

11. A pupil is in a dark room and cannot see anything. When the light is turned on in the room she sees a book on the table. How is she able to see the book?

12. Children’s ideas about vision

13. Seeing…

15. Theories 1.Light rays travel from our eyes to the objects to enable us to see them 2.Light rays are produced by a source, reflect off objects and go into our eyes so we can see them A.Light travels in straight lines B.We can see at night when there is no sun C.Sunglasses are worn to protect our eyes D.If there is no light we can’t see a thing E.We ‘stare at people’, ‘ look daggers’, and ‘catch other people’s eye’ F.You have to look at something to see it

16. Bell jar and vacuum Laser demo

17. KS4 Waves question pairs  Find your partner

18. A selection of practical activities or demonstrations from KS3/4/5 1. Rayboxs; reflection, refraction, find a spectrum, colour filters etc 2. Pinhole cameras 3. Slinky springs 4. Optical fibre 5. Ripple tanks (3 stations) 6. Seeing sound (2 stations) Oscilloscope, signal generator, microphone, loudspeakers 7. Wallace and Gromit/SEP

19. Questioning activity  What’s the difference between reflection and refraction?  What’s the difference between interference and diffraction?  What’s the difference between a light wave and a sound wave?  What’s the difference between a compression wave and transverse wave?

20. Multimedia tools  Audacity(recording and editing sounds): http://audacity.source forge.net http://audacity.source forge.net  Multimedia Science School  Multimedia Waves  Multimedia Sound  Crocodile Physics/Yenka Applets:  http://www.cbu.edu/~jvar rian/applets/waves1/lontr a_g.htm http://www.cbu.edu/~jvar rian/applets/waves1/lontr a_g.htm  http://www.phys.hawaii.e du/~teb/java/ntnujava/em Wave/emWave.html http://www.phys.hawaii.e du/~teb/java/ntnujava/em Wave/emWave.html  http://micro.magnet.fsu.e du/primer/java/interferen ce/doubleslit/index.html http://micro.magnet.fsu.e du/primer/java/interferen ce/doubleslit/index.html

21. Youtube videos: Vocal cords  http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=v9Wdf- RwLcs http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=v9Wdf- RwLcs Wine glass  http://www.youtube.c om/watch?gl=GB&hl =en- GB&v=ofESdVdX-fY http://www.youtube.c om/watch?gl=GB&hl =en- GB&v=ofESdVdX-fY Harvard clips: Pendulums  http://sciencedemonst rations.fas.harvard.edu/ icb/icb.do?keyword=k1 6940&pageid=icb.page8 0863&pageContentId=i cb.pagecontent341734& state=maximize&view= view.do&viewParam_n ame=indepth.html#a_ic b_pagecontent341734 http://sciencedemonst rations.fas.harvard.edu/ icb/icb.do?keyword=k1 6940&pageid=icb.page8 0863&pageContentId=i cb.pagecontent341734& state=maximize&view= view.do&viewParam_n ame=indepth.html#a_ic b_pagecontent341734

22. Tony’s demos…

23. Microwave oven  Hot spot about 6cm apart c=f ( = 0.06  2) =2450  10 6  0.12 =294  10 6 = 2.9  10 8 ms -1