1. Cell Division

2. In Prokaryotes…  Reproduce through Binary Fission  Chromosome copies itself  Cell grows larger  Cell divides, with 1 copy of chromosome going to each cell  Results in 2 cells with identical genetic info

3. Cell Cycle of Eukaryotes  Cell cycle is the life cycle of cell  Starts with interphase: time between cell divisions  Interphase is broken into 3 stages Cells in Interphase

4. Interphase  G1 phase- cell grows and matures  S phase- cell’s DNA is copied  G2 phase- cell prepares for cell division  Go phase- cells that have left cell cycle and do not divide anymore.

5. M phase  M stands for Mitosis  Mitosis is the division of the nucleus  Divided into 4 phases  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

6. Prophase  First step of mitosis  Both copies of DNA condense into chromosomes  Nucleolus and Nuclear membrane disappear  Centrosomes appear and form the mitotic spindle from microtubules Centrosomes Disappearing Nuclear membrane Mitotic Spindle Prophase Cell in Interphase

7. Metaphase  Second step of Mitosis  Chromosomes moved to the equator of cell by mitotic spindle Cell in metaphase Chromosomes lined up down center Mitotic Spindle Centrosome

8. Anaphase  Third step of mitosis  Chromatids of each chromosome are pulled to opposite ends of cell by the spindle  When chromatids separate, they are considered individual chromosomes

9. Telophase  Fourth step of Mitosis  Chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell  Spindle fibers disappear  Chromosomes return to chromatin state  Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes  Nucleolus forms in new cells Nuclear envelope re-forming

10. Cytokinesis  Happens at end of telophase  In animal cells, cell membrane pinches inwards in middle of cell  Called cleavage furrow  Cleavage furrow pinches cell in two  In plant cells, a cell plate forms and separates the two cells

11. What is this stage? PROPHASE!!

12. What is this stage? Anaphase!!!

13. What is this stage? Metaphase!!

14. What is this stage? PROPHASE!!!

15. What is this stage? Metaphase!!!

16. What is this stage? Telophase!!

17. What stage is this? Interphase!!

18. What stage is this? PROPHASE!!

19. What stage is this? Anaphase!!

20. What stage is this? Telophase!!

21. What stage is this? Metaphase!!

22. What stage is this?? Cytokinesis!!

23. What stage is this? Interphase!!

24. The whole picture

25. How I Remember….  First I remember the general pictures and what happens...  For example, you know the chromosomes have to line up before they can be pulled apart!  Then I remember “Polly Met Andy Today! Cool!”  It helps me remember Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telphase, and Cytokinesis!  That way I can match the name with the picture!  That way I can match the name with the picture! ProphaseMetaphase AnaphaseTelophase and Cytokinesis